李良忠¹,
张丽娟¹,
胡国成¹,
于云江¹,
朱晓辉¹,
向明灯¹,
司国爱²,
钟格梅³,
曹兆进⁴,
林必桂¹,
于晓巍¹
1. 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所, 国家环境保护环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室, 广州 510655;
2. 广西壮族自治区河池市金城江区疾病预防控制中心, 河池 547000;
3. 广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心, 南宁 530028;
4. 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 102206

作者简介: 李良忠(1987-),男,工程师,硕士,研究方向为环境化学与环境健康风险评价,E-mail:liliangzhong@scies.org.

基金项目: 国家环保公益性行业科研专项(201309049)
国家环保公益性行业科研专项(201309047)


中图分类号: X171.5

The Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of the Heavy Metals in House Dust from Mineral Areas, Southwest of China

Li Liangzhong¹,
Zhang Lijuan¹,
Hu Guocheng¹,
Yu Yunjiang¹,
Zhu Xiaohui¹,
Xiang Mingdeng¹,
Si Guoai²,
Zhong Gemei³,
Cao Zhaojin⁴,
Lin Bigui¹,
Yu Xiaowei¹
1. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou 510655, China;
2. Jinchengjiang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Hechi City of Guangxi Province, Hechi 547000, China;
3. Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530028, China;
4. Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chines Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:家庭灰尘是人群居住场所的重要环境介质，人群可通过吸入、摄食及皮肤接触等途径摄入灰尘中的污染物，对健康造成一定的损伤。为探索我国西南某矿区周边村庄室内重金属的污染对人群健康的潜在风险，采用2014年3月对我国西南某矿区周边村庄室内灰尘中重金属污染水平调查的数据，结合美国EPA健康风险评价模型对人群健康风险进行分析。结果表明：人群非致癌风险和致癌风险暴露剂量均表现为儿童 > 成人男性 > 成人女性，呈现手-口摄食途径 > 皮肤接触途径 > 吸入途径，其中儿童、成人男性和成人女性手-口摄食暴露途径占总暴露剂量的98.16%、55.61%和51.5%；儿童以Pb、Cr的暴露为主，成人以Cr的暴露为主；家庭灰尘中单种重金属元素和多途径叠加的非致癌风险在8.81E-03~1.24E-02之间，均小于1，其中儿童以Pb的非致癌风险为主，经手-口摄食暴露占总风险的40%；致癌风险在4.19E-05~3.35E-04之间；A、B、C村儿童的致癌风险均高于US EPA所推荐的可接受水平10^-4，其暴露剂量和健康风险均为成人男性和成人女性的5~6倍，且以Cr通过手-口摄食暴露产生的风险最大，占总风险的93%左右。
关键词: 家庭灰尘/
重金属/
暴露/
健康风险/
西南

Abstract:Household dust is an important pathway for human's environmental exposure in residential space. For long-term exposure to the house dust, it would cause chronic damage through ways of inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. In order to evaluate the potential health risk of house dust from mineral areas, human health risk assessment method established by US EPA was used according to our previous studies on March 2014. Results showed that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic dose of exposure were found to be in the order: children > adult male > adult female. The average daily exposure was in the order: ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation, and ingestion exposure accounted for 98.16%, 55.61% and 51.5% of total exposure dose for children, men and women, respectively. Pb and Cr were given priority to the exposure for children, and Cr was given priority to the exposure for adults. The non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metal for children and adults were 8.81E-03 to 1.24E-02, and was lower than the average risk thresholds. Pb was the most potentially harmful heavy metal in non-carcinogenic risk for children, accounting for 40% (ingestion exposure) of the total risk. The carcinogenic risk of heavy metal for children and adults were 4.19E-05 to 3.35E-04, respectively. The carcinogenic risk for children exceeded the safety threshold guided by US EPA. The exposure dose and health risk of children were 5-6 times higher than that of adult. Cr was the most potentially harmful heavy metal in mineral areas, accounted for 93% of the total risk.
Key words:house dust/
heavy metals/
exposure/
health risk/
southwest of China.