杨宁^1,2,
王效科¹,
张玉龙¹,
郑飞翔^1,3,
陈媛媛^1,2
1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3. 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081

作者简介: 杨宁(1986-),女,博士,研究方向为生态学,E-mail:xiaozhi_1986@163.com.

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(No. 31200295)


中图分类号: X171.5

Ozone Injury to Marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn.), Petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) and Morning Glory (Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt) and Their Different Physiological Responses

Yang Ning^1,2,
Wang Xiaoke¹,
Zhang Yulong¹,
Zheng Feixiang^1,3,
Chen Yuanyuan^1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

CLC number: X171.5

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摘要:快速发展的城市化和工业化引起近地层臭氧浓度不断升高，对城市绿化植物具有很大的毒性伤害。选择城市常见的景观植物万寿菊、矮牵牛及圆叶牵牛为供试植物，利用开顶式气室，研究了不同植物臭氧伤害症状及其生理响应机制的差异。结果表明：1) 臭氧暴露后，供试植物叶片均出现了不同程度的臭氧伤害，或叶脉间黄化(万寿菊和矮牵牛)，或出现白色斑点(圆叶牵牛)，且随臭氧浓度升高其黄化程度加剧，白色斑点亦扩张形成白色斑块，最终叶片从症状形成的地方开始干枯。2) 臭氧暴露加剧了供试植物叶片膜脂过氧化程度，但对可溶性蛋白含量没有显著影响，说明植物生长后期臭氧暴露并没有造成蛋白质退化进而引起植物抗臭氧胁迫能力的下降。3) 臭氧暴露后万寿菊叶片茉莉酸含量降低，矮牵牛叶片水杨酸含量显著升高，而圆叶牵牛既有水杨酸含量的升高又有茉莉酸含量的降低，说明不同植物对臭氧伤害的激素响应是不一致的，茉莉酸保护能力减弱引起了臭氧对万寿菊叶片伤害，水杨酸过度累积造成了矮牵牛叶片的臭氧直接伤害，而圆叶牵牛的臭氧伤害则是2种原因都可能存在。因此，在大气臭氧浓度尚不能有效控制的情况下，明确不同植物臭氧伤害形成的激素响应，以采取针对性保护措施维持其最大生态效益。
关键词: 臭氧/
万寿菊/
矮牵牛/
圆叶牵牛/
膜脂过氧化/
可溶性蛋白/
激素响应

Abstract:Elevated tropospheric ozone (O₃) is detrimental to urban greening plants by degrading their aesthetic and social values. It is urgent to clarify the possible physiological mechanisms on different responses of plant species to O₃ injury. In the present study, with open-top chamber method, marigold (Tagetes erecta Linn.), petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) and morning glory (Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt) were exposed to different O₃ concentration treatments to investigate foliar injury and leaf plasmalemma, soluble protein and endogenous phytohormone responses to O₃. The results showed that: 1) elevated O₃ resulted in yellowing lesions between veins on the upper leaves surface of marigold and petunia, and white spotting on morning glory leaves. The lesions intensified with increasing O₃ concentration and exposure duration; 2) O₃ exposure exacerbated membrane lipid peroxidation, but did not significantly influence soluble protein content, indicating that O₃ did not weaken plant defense ability brought about by protein in later growth stage; 3) elevated O₃ significantly decreased jasmonic acid (JA) content of marigold and morning glory leaves, and enhanced salicylic acid content (SA) of petunia and morning glory leaves, indicating the distinct phytohormone responses to O₃ among species. O₃ injury was caused from weakened JA protection capability for marigold leaves, increased SA accumulation for petunia leaves, and both above changes for morning glory leaves. In order to maximize the ecological benefits, the different phytohormones response relating to O₃ injury should be identified and the specific protective measures could be adopted in face of rising tropospheric O₃ concentration.
Key words:ozone/
Tagetes erecta Linn./
Petunia hybrida Vilm/
Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt/
plasmalemma lipid peroxidation/
soluble protein/
phytohormone responses.