晏碧华(), 刘晓敏, 刘浩哲

陕西师范大学心理学院暨陕西省行为与认知神经科学重点实验室, 西安 710062

收稿日期:2017-07-01出版日期:2018-07-15发布日期:2018-05-29


基金资助:* 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(14YJA190012);陕西省重点实验室后补助培育建设项目资助(2016SZsj-29)

Landmark attraction effect and landmark repulsion effect on representational momentum in airplane movement scene

YAN Bihua(), LIU Xiaomin, LIU Haozhe

School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi′an 710062, China

Received:2017-07-01Online:2018-07-15Published:2018-05-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 设置了安全和危险两种地标, 采用诱导运动范式考察了飞行场景中运动目标和关联地标的相对关系、目标运动方向及关联地标的意义特征和呈现时间对运动目标位置判断的影响。结果显示: (1)飞行场景中飞机的表征动量较强; (2) 趋近安全地标的表征动量大于远离安全地标的表征动量, 趋近危险地标的表征动量小于远离危险地标的表征动量, 安全地标呈现出地标吸引效应, 而危险地标呈现出地标排斥效应; (3) 高关联的安全和危险地标使飞机的表征动量不受运动方向影响; (4) 保持间隔期间呈现的安全和危险地标使飞机的表征动量增加。结论 :表征动量的地标效应受制于地标意义特征, 表征动量受到目标和地标之间的因果关系和情景意义的影响。

图/表 8

图1实验1a中trial程序示意图
图1实验1a中trial程序示意图



图2不同相对关系中各探测位置“相同”反应百分比(实验1a)
图2不同相对关系中各探测位置“相同”反应百分比(实验1a)



图3实验1b中trial程序示意图(从左到右趋近)
图3实验1b中trial程序示意图(从左到右趋近)



图4不同相对关系中各探测位置“相同”反应百分比(实验1b)
图4不同相对关系中各探测位置“相同”反应百分比(实验1b)



图5不同相对关系中各探测位置“相同”反应百分比(实验2a)
图5不同相对关系中各探测位置“相同”反应百分比(实验2a)



图6不同相对关系中各探测位置“相同”反应百分比(实验2b)
图6不同相对关系中各探测位置“相同”反应百分比(实验2b)



图7八种处理条件下的偏移加权均数
图7八种处理条件下的偏移加权均数



图8运动客体-地标相对关系和地标情景的交互作用图
图8运动客体-地标相对关系和地标情景的交互作用图

参考文献 43

[1]	Blätter C., Ferrari V., Didierjean A., & Marmèche E . ( 2011). Representational momentum in aviation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37( 5), 1569-1577. doi: 10.1037/a0023512URL
[2]	Blätter C., Ferrari V., Didierjean A., & Marmèche E . ( 2012). Role of expertise and action in motion extrapolation from real road scenes. Visual Cognition, 20( 8), 988-1001. doi: 10.1080/13506285.2012.716799URL
[3]	Courtney, J. R., &Hubbard T.L, . ( 2008). Spatial memory and explicit knowledge: An effect of instruction on representational momentum. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 1778-1784. doi: 10.1080/17470210802194217URLpmid: 18609396
[4]	Didierjean A., Ferrari V. & Blättler , C. , ( 2014) . Role of knowledge in motion extrapolation: The relevance of an approach contrasting experts and novices. In B. H. Ross (Ed), The psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 215-235, Vol. 61). Burlington: Academic Press.
[5]	Dong R. ( 2015). Facing orientation effect on representational momentum. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 47( 2), 190-202.
	[ 董蕊 . ( 2015). 表征动量的朝向效应. 心理学报, 47( 2), 190-202.] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2015.00190URL
[6]	Finke, R. A., &Freyd J.J, . ( 1985). Transformations of visual memory induced by implied motions of pattern elements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11, 780-794. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.11.1-4.780URLpmid: 2932525
[7]	Freyd, J.J . ( 1983). The mental representation of movement when static stimuli are viewed. Perception & Psychophysics, 33, 575-581. doi: 10.3758/BF03202940URLpmid: 6622194
[8]	Freyd,J.J., &Finke R.A, . ( 1984). Representational momentum. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10, 126-132. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.10.1.126URL
[9]	Freyd, J.J., &Jones K.T, . ( 1994). Representational momentum for a spiral path. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 968-976. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.20.4.968URLpmid: 8064255
[10]	Freyd, J.J., &Miller G.F, . ( 1992, November). Creature motion. Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, St. Louis.
[11]	Freyd J. J. & Pantzer , T. M. , ( 1995) . Static patterns moving in the mind. In S. M. Smith, T. B. Ward, & R. A. Finke (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 181-204). Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
[12]	Halpern,A.R., &Kelly M.H, . ( 1993). Memory biases in left versus right implied motion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 471-484. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.19.2.471URL
[13]	Hayes, A.E., &Freyd J.J, . ( 2002). Representational momentum when attention is divided. Visual Cognition, 9, 8-27. doi: 10.1080/13506280143000296URL
[14]	Hubbard,T.L . ( 1990). Cognitive representation of linear motion: Possible direction and gravity effects in judged displacement. Memory and Cognition, 18, 299-309. doi: 10.3758/BF03213883URLpmid: 2355859
[15]	Hubbard, T.L . ( 1993). The effect of context on visual representational momentum. Memory and Cognition, 21, 103-114. doi: 10.3758/BF03211169URLpmid: 8433640
[16]	Hubbard,T. L . ( 1996). Representational momentum, centripetal force, and curvilinear impetus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1049-1060. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.22.4.1049URLpmid: 8708601
[17]	Hubbard, T. L . ( 2005). Representational momentum and related displacements in spatial memory: A review of the findings. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 12( 5), 822-851. doi: 10.3758/BF03196775URLpmid: 16524000
[18]	Hubbard, T.L . ( 2008). Representational momentum contributes to motion induced mislocalization of stationary objects. Visual Cognition, 16( 1), 44-67. doi: 10.1080/13506280601155468URL
[19]	Hubbard T. L. ( 2010). Approaches to representational momentum: Theories and models. In R. Nijhawan & B. Khurana (Eds.), Space and time in perception and action (pp.338-365). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511750540.020URL
[20]	Hubbard,T.L . ( 2013 a). Phenomenal causality Ⅰ: Varieties and variables. Axiomathes, 23( 1), 1-42. doi: 10.1007/s10516-012-9198-8URL
[21]	Hubbard, T.L . ( 2013 b). Launching, entraining, and representational momentum: Evidence consistent with an impetus heuristic in perception of causality. Axiomathes, 23( 4), 633-643. doi: 10.1007/s10516-012-9186-zURL
[22]	Hubbard,T.L . ( 2014). Forms of momentum across space: Representational, operational, and attentional. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 21( 6), 1371-1403. doi: 10.3758/s13423-014-0624-3URLpmid: 24917187
[23]	Hubbard, T.L . ( 2017). Toward a general theory of momentum- like effects. Behavioural Processes, 141, 50-56. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.02.019URLpmid: 28257789
[24]	Hubbard,T.L., &Bharucha J.J, . ( 1988). Judged displacement in apparent vertical and horizontal motion. Perception and Psychophysics, 44( 3), 211-221. doi: 10.3758/BF03206290URL
[25]	Hubbard T. L., Blessum J. A., & Ruppel S. E . ( 2001). Representational momentum and Michotte’s “Launching Effect” paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 294-301.
[26]	Hubbard, T.L., &Courtney J.R, . ( 2010). Cross-modal influences on representational momentum and representational gravity. Perception, 39, 851-862. doi: 10.1068/p6538URLpmid: 20698479
[27]	Hubbard T. L., Kumar A. M., & Carp C. L . ( 2009). Effects of spatial cueing on representational momentum. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 666-677. doi: 10.1037/a0014870URLpmid: 19379042
[28]	Hubbard, T.L., &Ruppel S.E, . ( 1999). Representational momentum and the landmark attraction effect. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53( 3), 242-256. doi: 10.1037/h0087313URL
[29]	Hubbard, T.L., &Ruppel S.E, . ( 2000). Spatial memory averaging, the landmark attraction effect, and representational gravity. Psychological Research, 64( 1), 41-55. doi: 10.1007/s004260000029URLpmid: 11109866
[30]	Hubbard, T.L., &Ruppel S.E, . ( 2017). Perceived causality, force, and resistance in the absence of launching. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 24, 591-596. doi: 10.3758/s13423-016-1121-7URLpmid: 27473683
[31]	Johnston, H.M., &Jones M.R, . ( 2006). Higher order pattern structure influences auditory representational momentum. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 2-17. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.32.1.2URLpmid: 16478322
[32]	Joordens S., Spalek T. M., Razmy S., & van Duijn M . ( 2004). A clockwork orange: Compensation opposing momentum in memory for location. Memory and Cognition, 32( 1), 39-50. doi: 10.3758/BF03195819URLpmid: 15078043
[33]	Kerzel, D. ( 2002). Attention shifts and memory averaging. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 425-443. doi: 10.1080/02724980143000424URLpmid: 12047052
[34]	Kerzel, D. ( 2003). Attention maintains mental extrapolation of target position: Irrelevant distractors eliminate forward displacement after implied motion. Cognition, 88, 109-131. doi: 10.1016/S0010-0277(03)00018-0URLpmid: 12711155
[35]	Liu, H.Q . ( 2014). The influence of target motion on the momentum of representation (Unpublished doctorial dissertation). Capital Normal University.
	[ 刘浩强 . ( 2014). 目标运动归因对表征动量的影响 (博士学位论文). 首都师范大学.]
[36]	Munger, M., &Owens T.R, . ( 2004). Representational momentum and the flash-lag effect. Visual Cognition, 11( 1), 81-103. doi: 10.1080/13506280344000257URL
[37]	Nagai,M., &Yagi A. , ( 2001). The pointedness effect on representational momentum. Memory and Cognition, 29( 1), 91-99. doi: 10.3758/BF03195744URLpmid: 11277468
[38]	Rao H. Y., Han S. H., Jiang Y., Xue Y. P., Gu H., Cui Y., & Gao D. G . ( 2004). Engagement of the prefrontal cortex in representational momentum: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 23( 1), 98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.05.016URLpmid: 15325356
[39]	Reed,C.L., &Vinson N.G . ( 1996). Conceptual effects on representational momentum. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 839-850. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.22.4.839URLpmid: 8756955
[40]	Thornton,L., &Hayes A. , ( 2004). Anticipating action in complex scenes. Visual Cognition, 11, 341-370. doi: 10.1080/13506280344000374URL
[41]	Whitney, D., &Cavanagh P. , ( 2002). Surrounding motion affects the perceived locations of moving stimuli. Visual Cognition, 9, 139-152. doi: 10.1080/13506280143000368URL
[42]	Zhai, K. , &Zhang , Z.J . ( 2012). The effect of spatial-temporal cue on representational momentum. Journal of Psychological Science, 35( 6), 1309-1314.
	[ 翟坤, 张志杰 . ( 2012). 线索呈现的时空特性对表征动量的影响. 心理科学, 35( 6), 1309-1314.] doi: 10.7666/d.y1869343URL
[43]	Zhai, K. , &Zhang ,Z.J . ( 2013). The effects of cues on representational momentum. Journal of Psychological Science, 36( 1), 51-56.
	[ 翟坤, 张志杰 . ( 2013). 线索提示对表征动量的影响. 心理科学, 36( 1), 51-56.]

相关文章 15

[1]	张环, 王欣, 刘一贝, 曹贤才, 吴捷. 成员关系对协作提取成绩的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2021, 53(5): 481-493.
[2]	周文洁, 邓丽群, 丁锦红. 物体颜色对情景记忆的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2021, 53(3): 229-243.
[3]	王盼盼,何嘉梅. 情景预见对跨期决策的影响机制[J]. 心理学报, 2020, 52(1): 38-54.
[4]	周楚, 苏曼, 周冲, 杨艳, 席雅琪, 董群. 想象膨胀范式下错误记忆的老化效应[J]. 心理学报, 2018, 50(12): 1369-1380.
[5]	董蕊. 表征动量的朝向效应[J]. 心理学报, 2015, 47(2): 190-202.
[6]	何先友;杨惠兰;张维;赵雪汝;谢毅. 时间情景模型的动态更新：从短时工作记忆到长时工作记忆[J]. 心理学报, 2015, 47(10): 1235-1246.
[7]	何先友,李惠娟,魏玉兵. 文本阅读中时间信息加工的二阶段模型[J]. 心理学报, 2011, 43(12): 1355-1369.
[8]	何先友,晏赛君. 时间情景模型提取过程的实质初探: 激活与抑制[J]. 心理学报, 2010, 42(04): 467-473.
[9]	王穗苹,陈烜之,莫雷,邹艳春. 语篇理解中背景信息的激活: 情景限制的共振过程[J]. 心理学报, 2004, 36(06): 644-653.
[10]	谢晓非，王晓田. 风险情景中参照点与管理者认知特征[J]. 心理学报, 2004, 36(05): 575-585.
[11]	王沛,高瑛. 儿童同伴群体活动中的性别排斥[J]. 心理学报, 2004, 36(03): 340-346.
[12]	何先友,曾祥炎. 时间信息在情景模型建构中的作用[J]. 心理学报, 2002, 34(06): 37-43.
[13]	黄希庭,梁建春. 内隐时间表征的实验研究[J]. 心理学报, 2002, 34(03): 15-21.
[14]	谢晓非,李育辉. 风险情景中的机会和威胁认知[J]. 心理学报, 2002, 34(03): 99-106.
[15]	谢晓非,王晓田. 成就动机与机会-威胁认知[J]. 心理学报, 2002, 34(02): 83-90.

PDF全文下载地址:

http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=4215