关键词: 光子晶体/
特异材料/
腔量子电动力学
English Abstract
Normal-mode splitting induced by homogeneous electromagnetic fields in cavities filled with effective zero-index metamaterials
Xu Xiao-Hu1,Chen Yong-Qiang2,
Guo Zhi-Wei3,
Sun Yong3,
Miao Xiang-Yang1
1.College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China;
2.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physics and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215009, China;
3.Key Laboratory of Advanced Microstructure Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11404204, 51607119, 11674247).Received Date:21 August 2017
Accepted Date:16 September 2017
Published Online:20 January 2019
Abstract:In cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED), how an atom behaves in a cavity is what people care about. The coupling strength (g) between cavity field and atoms plays a fundamental role in various QED effects including Rabi splitting. In the solid-state case, when an atomic-like two-level system such as a single quantum dot (QD) is placed into a cavity, Rabi splitting would occur if g is strong enough. In the classical limit, when a QD in a cavity changes into a classical oscillator, the normal-mode splitting would also take place. It is known that g relies on the local fields at the places of the QDs or classical oscillators inside the cavity. However, for both cases, the traditional cavity modes involved are all in the form of standing waves and the localized fields are position-dependent. To ensure strong coupling between QDs or classical oscillators and photons, they should be placed right at the place where the cavity field is maximum, which is very challenging. How is the positional uncertainty overcome?Recently, the peculiar behaviors of electromagnetic (EM) fields inside zero-index metamaterial (ZIM) in which permittivity and/or permeability are zero have aroused considerable interest. In ZIMs the propagating phase everywhere is the same and the effective wavelength is infinite, which strongly changes the scattering and mode properties of the EM waves. In addition to the above characteristics, the fields in ZIM could be homogeneous as required by Maxwell equations. While the special properties of ZIMs are investigated, the fabrication of ZIMs is widely studied. It is found that a two dimensional (2D) photonic crystal consisting of a square lattice of dielectric rods with accidental degeneracy can behave as a loss-free ZIM at Dirac point.To overcome the positional uncertainty, in this paper we propose a cavity filled with effective zero-index metamaterial (ZIM). When the ZIM is embedded in a cavity, the enhanced homogeneous fields can occur under the resonance condition. Finally, experimental verification in microwave regime is conducted. In the experiments, we utilize a composite right/left-handed transmission line with deep subwavelength unit cell to mimic a ZIM and use a metallic split ring resonator (SRR) as a magnetic resonator whose resonance frequency is determined by structural parameters. The experimental results that in general agree well with the simulations demonstrate nearly position-independent normal-mode splitting.
Keywords: photonic crystal/
metamaterial/
cavity quantum electrodynamics
