刘永泽2,,
①.北京航空航天大学 ??北京 ??100191
②.石家庄铁道大学 ??石家庄 ??050043
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(61371005)
详细信息
作者简介:许小剑(1963–)，男，籍贯江西万安，博士，现为北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院信号与信息处理学科责任教授，博士生导师。主要研究方向为遥感特征建模、分析与处理、雷达成像与目标识别、智能化信息处理等。E-mail: xiaojianxu@buaa.edu.cn
刘永泽(1980–)，男，籍贯河北邯郸，博士，石家庄铁道大学信息科学与技术学院。主要研究方向为阵列信号处理、雷达系统设计、RCS测量与成像等。E-mail: liuyongze68@eyou.com
通讯作者:刘永泽 ?liuyongze68@eyou.com
中图分类号:TN959.6计量
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出版历程
收稿日期:2018-10-19
修回日期:2018-12-15
Three-dimensional Interferometric MIMO Radar Imaging for Target Scattering Diagnosis
Xu Xiaojian1,,Liu Yongze2,,
①. Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
②. Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
Funds:The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61371005)
摘要
摘要:2维合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)和逆合成孔径雷达(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, ISAR)成像是目标散射机理高分辨率分析和散射诊断测量的重要手段，现有被广泛采用的技术主要包括转台ISAR和导轨SAR成像技术。相比于传统的2维成像，3维成像可以提供目标局部散射中心在空间的3维位置和散射强度信息。因此，探索新的、可工程化实现与应用的目标3维成像技术是一项极具吸引力的工作。该文提出一种基于多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)阵列技术的3维干涉成像方法。首先，设计并试验了一种具有高孔径利用率和通过虚拟孔径实现干涉成像功能的MIMO阵列；其次，分析了MIMO阵列合成的两组虚拟孔径所成两幅2维雷达像的干涉相位与目标散射中心高度之间的关系，发展了MIMO雷达3维干涉成像算法；最后，通过数值仿真和原理样机实验验证了所提方法在目标散射机理分析和诊断测量应用中的可行性和有效性。
关键词:雷达成像/
散射诊断/
MIMO雷达/
干涉
Abstract:Two-dimensional (2D) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Inverse SAR (ISAR) imaging is of importance for diagnostic studies of target scattering mechanisms. Rail SAR and turntable ISAR are currently widely applied techniques for high resolution diagnostic imaging of complex targets. Three-dimensional (3D) imagery has the advantage of providing scattering magnitude and exact positions in altitude and in down-range and cross-range for each scattering center on a complex target. Thus, development of various 3D imaging radar systems for diagnostic measurements is attracting increasing attention from radar researchers. In this work, a novel 3D imaging method based on Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar and interferometric SAR processing is proposed. First, a MIMO array capable of interferometric measurement with high aperture utilization ratio is designed and tested. Then, a signal model for interferometric MIMO radar is formulated. The relation between interferometric phase and scatterer altitude is specifically analyzed, and a 3D image formation algorithm is developed. Finally, a numerical simulation and field data acquired using experimental MIMO radar system are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed method for target scattering diagnosis. The proposed method has more advantages than current 3D imaging techniques, such as high measurement efficiency, low research and development cost, and strong environmental adaptability.
Key words:Radar imaging/
Scattering diagnosis/
MIMO radar/
Interferometry
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