关键词:关键新材料;创新突破;技术创新;商业化应用;研究回顾;展望 Abstract Advanced materials are the cornerstone and precursor of the future development of high-tech industries. This paper provides a systemic review about the innovation evolution, technological innovation, commercialization, national strategies, and policies of advanced materials. It indicates that industrial upgrading has continuously put forward new requirements and challenges for advanced materials. The advanced materials innovation will further promote industrial upgrading. Therefore, different strategies and policy tools for the material innovation are adopted by countries or regions depending on their national circumstances. However, advanced material is highly uncertain in technology and market, demonstrating that it will face two problems of technological innovation and commercialization. Based on these findings and the development of advanced materials, future study in advanced materials innovation should focus mainly on the following four areas: (1) the in-depth study on the impact of intelligent manufacturing technology economic paradigm change and key areas of intelligent transformation on advanced materials innovation. (2) the emphasis study on the paths design for advanced materials technology innovation under special circumstances in China. (3) the in-depth study on the innovation of commercialization models of different kinds of advanced materials. And (4) the in-depth study on the advanced materials policy design on the synergy between government, market and society.
材料是人类一切社会生活和经济发展的基础性要素。正因为材料对于人类的重要性,人类历史的分期才分别冠以石器时代、铜器时代、铁器时代和硅时代[8]。材料作为关键资源投入,在历次工业革命中起着重要作用,一次次推动着技术革命的浪潮[9]。回溯工业革命历程可以发现,每一次产业升级都伴随材料的创新与进步(图1)。第一次工业革命时期,大机器生产取代了手工劳动,生铁作为关键材料投入促进了机械制造、轨道交通的发展;第二次工业革命时期,电气工业、内燃机快速发展,钢铁和复合材料等得到大规模应用;第三次工业革命时期,半导体、高分子材料、高晶硅等材料的应用和发展促进了航天技术、生物工程等产业的发展;到了第三次工业革命后半期,新一代信息技术飞速发展,人类开始由“硅时代”走进“碳时代”。超导材料、纳米材料、石墨烯等前沿新材料将成为衡量一个国家科技进步的重要标志[10]。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1产业升级与材料发展历程 -->Figure 1The development process of industrial upgrading and materials -->
为了抢占关键新材料创新突破的制高点,全球主要国家均制定了相应的新材料发展战略,并确定了重点发展领域,如表1所示。 Table 1 表1 表1主要国家有关新材料领域的战略及重点发展领域 Table 1Strategies and key areas of advanced materials in major countries
关键新材料是未来高新技术产业发展的基石和先导。近年来,关键新材料创新突破问题的研究也日趋受到****们的关注。本文系统梳理了关键新材料创新突破的演进规律、技术创新、商业化应用以及战略与政策等方面的研究进展。研究结果表明,产业升级会对关键新材料创新突破提出新的要求和挑战,而关键新材料的创新突破也会进一步推动产业升级。为此,世界各国都根据本国新材料发展情况制定了关键新材料创新突破战略和政策。现有研究指出,关键新材料具有“高技术不确定性”和“高市场不确定性”,这决定了关键新材料的创新突破面临技术创新和商业化应用两大难题。也为下一步研究指明了方向。未来需要深化智能制造技术经济范式变革和重点领域智能转型对关键新材料创新突破影响规律的研究,关键新材料技术创新突破的实现路径研究,先进基础材料、关键战略材料和前沿新材料等不同类别关键新材料商业化应用模式创新以及战略与政策的精准设计等方面的研究。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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