Diurnal asymmetry of temperature and its effect on NDVI in Loess Plateau
MALiqun1,, QINFen1, SUNJiulin2, WANGHao3, XIAHaoming1, 1. The College of Environment and Planning of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China3. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China 通讯作者:通讯作者:夏浩铭,E-mail: xiahm2002@163.com 收稿日期:2018-04-21 修回日期:2018-07-4 网络出版日期:2018-08-25 版权声明:2018《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:教育部基地重大项目(16JJD770019)河南省高等学校重点科研项目(18A170002)河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划(16IRTSTHN012) 作者简介: -->作者简介:马利群,女,山东泰安人,博士生,主要从事植被定量遥感研究。E-mail: mayifan18@163.com
关键词:黄土高原;生长季;日最高气温;夜最低气温;不对称增温;NDVI;植被动态响应;昼夜增温;气候变暖 Abstract In this paper, the meteorological observation data of 102 meteorological stations in the Loess Plateau and its surrounding areas in 1982-2015 were selected. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and vegetation type data were used. And the Mann-kendall (m-k) Nonparametric test method and the second-order partial correlation analysis were adopted. The time series change trend and spatial pattern in the growing seasonal minimum temperature (Tmin) and maximum temperature (Tmax) over the Loess Plateau between 1982 and 2015 were analyzed, and the effects of asymmetric warming on different vegetation type were discussed. The results show that: ① We found a persistent increase (P<0.01) in the growing seasonal Tmin and Tmax over the Loess Plateau between 1982-2015, whereas the rate of increase of Tmin was 1.6 times that of Tmax. ②The influence of diurnal asymmetry on vegetation dynamics showed an obvious difference, and NDVI and Tmin showed a more significant correlation than NDVI and Tmax in vegetative growth season. The effect of nighttime warming on NDVI in the Loess plateau is more significant than that of daytime warming. ③We also found diverse responses of vegetation type to daytime and night-time warming across the Loess Plateau. We found that the partial correlation between NDVI and Tmax was positive (P<0.05) except grassland and crop. The partial correlation between Tmin and NDVI of crop was negative (P<0.01), and the partial correlation between Tmin and NDVI of other vegetation was positive (P<0.05). Our results provide a demonstration for studying regional responses of vegetation to climate extremes under global climate change.
Keywords:Loess Plateau;growing season;maximum temperature;minimum temperature;asymmetric warming;NDVI;vegetation dynamics;day and nighttime warming;global warming -->0 PDF (5702KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章收藏文章 本文引用格式导出EndNoteRisBibtex收藏本文--> 马利群, 秦奋, 孙九林, 王浩, 夏浩铭. 黄土高原昼夜不对称性增温及其对植被NDVI的影响[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(8): 1684-1692 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2018.08.17 MALiqun, QINFen, SUNJiulin, WANGHao, XIAHaoming. Diurnal asymmetry of temperature and its effect on NDVI in Loess Plateau[J]. RESOURCES SCIENCE, 2018, 40(8): 1684-1692 https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2018.08.17
黄土高原界于100°54'E—114°33'E,33°43'N—41°16'N之间,东西长约1000km,南北长约750km,总面积约64.1万km2(图1)。自南向北跨暖温带和中温度两个热量带,自东向西跨半湿润、半干旱两个干湿区。气候属于典型的大陆性季风气候,根据研究区气象站点资料[35],1982—2015年年均温9~12℃,气温年较差和日较差较大,东西部温度变化较大;黄土高原呈现夏秋季多雨、冬春季少雨的特征,降水集中在7—9月,多年平均降水量从西北到东南变化于100~800 mm之间。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1黄土高原气象站分布示意 -->Figure 1The spatial distribution of meteorological stations in the Loess Plateau -->
1982—2015年黄土高原植被生长季日最高气温和夜间最低气温均呈现显著性上升趋势(P<0.01)。植被生长季日最高气温和夜间最低气温平均每10年分别增加0.3°C和0.5°C,即近34年黄土高原植被生长季夜间最低气温增加速率是日最高气温增加速率的1.6倍(图2)。昼夜温差(Tmax-Tmin)呈现显著性的减小趋势,昼夜增温存在不对称性。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图21982—2015年黄土高原植被生长季Tmax和Tmin变化趋势 -->Figure 2Variations of Tmax and Tmin in growing seasons in the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2015 -->
3.2 植被生长季植被NDVI与昼夜增温的偏相关分析
降水是黄土高原植物生长的主要水热气象因子之一,因此在进行偏相关分析研究时,降水作为控制变量之一。依次对研究区102个气象站点分别进行植被生长季NDVI与Tmax、Tmin的偏相关分析(图3)。首先,通过控制生长季降水、Tmin,计算生长季植被NDVI和Tmax的偏相关系数,其次,通过控制生长季降水、Tmax,计算生长季植被NDVI和Tmin的偏相关系数。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图31982—2015年黄土高原植被生长季气温与植被NDVI的偏相关性空间格局分布示意 -->Figure 3Spatial patterns of the correlations between growing season NDVI and Tmax or Tmin in the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2015 -->
通过对黄土高原植被生长季不同类型植被的NDVI与Tmax、Tmin的偏相关分析(表1),发现不同植被类型NDVI与Tmax、Tmin的相关性有差异。不同植被类型的NDVI与Tmax整体表现为正相关,除草原、农作物外其他植被类型的NDVI均与Tmax表现为显著性正相关(P<0.05),其中荒漠和阔叶林NDVI与Tmax呈现极显著性正相关(P<0.01)。黄土高原各植被类型与Tmin偏相关性差异明显,除农作物NDVI与Tmin表现为显著性偏负相关外(P<0.01),其它植被类型NDVI与Tmin均呈偏正相关,其中草原NDVI与Tmin呈不显著正相关(P>0.05)。通过研究表明,黄土高原总体上昼夜气温的升高对各植被类型产生了积极作用。夜间最低气温的升高对植被的积极作用更为显著,特别对阔叶林、草甸。 Table 1 表1 表11982—2015年黄土高原不同植被类型 NDVI 与Tmax及Tmin的偏相关系数 Table 1Partial correlation coefficients between NDVI and Tmax/Tmin for different vegetation types in the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2015
本文根据1982—2015年黄土高原及周边逐日观测数据,选取植被生长季内与植被生长发育紧密相关的温度、降水气象数据和GIMMS3g NDVI数据,采用Mann-Kendall (M-K))非参数检验法、二阶偏相关分析方法,研究分析了黄土高原昼夜不对称性增温对植被动态的影响,得出以下结论: (1)黄土高原1982—2015年间植被生长季夜间最低气温的增速是白天最高气温增速的1.6倍,昼夜增温存在不对称性,昼夜温差呈减小的趋势,且不对称性增温速率高于世界平均水平,说明黄土高原对全球气候变暖这一响应异常敏感。 (2)黄土高原植被NDVI对昼夜增温具有不同的响应特征,其中植被NDVI对夜间增温的响应更加显著,受夜间气温变化影响的植被分布区更广。 (3)黄土高原总体上昼夜气温的升高对各植被类型产生了积极作用。从昼夜不对称性增温对不同植被类型影响程度来看,白天增温对草甸、灌丛、荒漠、阔叶林的影响显著。除草原外夜间增温对研究区所有植被类型的影响都很显著,夜间最低气温的升高对植被的积极作用更为显著,特别对阔叶林、草甸。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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