The financial support efficiency of the metal industry in China
SHAOLiuguo1,2,3,, XUMing1,3, 1. Business College, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China2. Institute of Industrial Economics of Chinese Academy of Social Science, Beijing 100836, China3. Metal Resources Strategic Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 通讯作者:通讯作者:许铭,E-mail:xuming283815@163.com 收稿日期:2017-08-15 修回日期:2018-02-5 网络出版日期:2018-03-10 版权声明:2018《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:国家自然科学基金重点项目(71633006)中国博士后科学基金(2017T100124,2016M600162)湖南省社科基金(16YBA372) 作者简介: -->作者简介: 邵留国,男,山东汶上人,博士,副教授,研究方向为资源经济与管理。E-mail:shaoliuguo@qq.com
关键词:金融支持效率;金属企业;内部治理;所有制;行业环境;Meta-frontier DEA Abstract Based on the Meta-frontier DEA method, here we calculated the financial support efficiency and compared various mechanisms for efficiency loss intensity, including internal governance, industry environment and ownership. The losses can be attributed to internal governance, industry environment and ownership factors. These results mainly come from metal-listed companies in China from 2011 to 2016. We found that although the metal industry in China is not prosperous, the most important constraint is internal governance. Even though industry and ownership are different, the focus on improving financial support efficiency is still to improve internal governance. The importance of ownership and industry environments cannot be ignored. The improvement of industry efficiency and ownership efficiency has a positive effect on financial support efficiency. The financial support efficiency will be higher, if industry efficiency and ownership efficiency can be improved. Compared with private enterprise, state-owned enterprises are more constrained in terms of internal governance, industrial environment and ownership. This means that state-owned enterprises have more serious problems such as principal-agent and market dependence. Industry differences in internal governance efficiency will be narrowed because of the enhancement of industry contacts and the knowledge barrier will be smaller as the industry coupling works better. Industry differences in internal governance efficiency will be weakened because of diffusion of knowledge. On the basis of theoretical mechanisms, we build an index system, which gives theoretical and practical value to financial support efficiency.
本文应用2011—2016年中国沪深股市169家金属上市公司的面板数据,测度了企业的金融支持效率。结论如下: (1)中国金属企业金融支持效率的整体水平不高,并且存在着行业差异和所有制差异。具体表现为:贵金属企业最高,基本金属次之,钢铁企业最低;在所有制方面,民企高于国企。资产专用性降低了金融资源在行业间的流动性,不能及时从低效行业流入高效行业,金融体系的资源配置功能受损,金融支持效率呈现行业间差异。国企既有融资成本的优势,又有代理成本的劣势,前者无法弥补后者导致国企的金融支持效率低于民企。 (2)内部治理效率损失是制约金融支持效率的最主要因素。通过KS检验,内部治理效率损失显著大于行业和所有制效率损失。虽然当前金属产业产能问题突出,但行业环境仍然不是影响金融支持效率的最主要因素,企业和政府应将主要精力用于改善内部治理结构。本文还发现,内部治理效率损失在行业间没有显著差异,这意味着三个行业耦合程度高,增强了内部治理知识在行业间的通用性和扩散性,降低了知识的行业壁垒。而对于不同所有制的企业则有显著差异,国企的内部治理效率损失更高,民企在激励机制方面具有成本优势。 (3)行业效率是影响金融支持效率的显著因素,所以不能将金融支持效率损失全部理解为内部治理问题。研究还发现,钢铁企业的行业效率损失最大,受行业效率的制约最明显。这与中国钢铁产能现状是相符的,反映了资产专用性与金融支持效率之间的相关性。在所有制方面,民企的行业效率大于国企,这意味着行业波动的冲击对国企和民企的非对称效应,国企受行业状况的影响更大,民企应对行业冲击更有效。民企由于更加充分的激励机制,组织学习意愿更强,解决问题的效率更高。 (4)所有制效率也是影响金融支持效率的显著因素。比较国企和民企的所有制效率,本文发现,国企的所有制效率损失大于民企,意味着国企受所有制的制约更大,虽然国企有预算软约束优势,但边际报酬递减和委托代理成本带来的效率损失显然更大,国企因国有属性而受损。而在三个行业之间的比较中,不存在显著的差异,这意味着所有制对各行业的制约程度相同,这可能是因为国有比重在这三个金属行业的分布是相对均匀的。 针对上述分析结果,得到如下启示: (1)尽管中国企业面对着行业环境、所有制等等方面的困难,但必须清楚的是最大的问题是内部治理问题(即便是行业和所有制问题,其本质也是激励问题)。提高中国金融支持的效率,主要依靠企业改善自身的治理结构。产业政策也应该立足于疏通激励机制,减少机会主义行为。 (2)国企预算软约束是影响金融支持效率的重要原因。一方面国企具有融资成本优势,这意味着国企承担政府职能的价值补偿,而这也正是国企在产品市场出现代理成本劣势的重要来源。另一方面,国企信用形成的洼地效应显然会挤出民企融资规模,资源错配现象不可避免。剥离国企政府职能是将改善金融支持效率的必要举措。 (3)以政府授信等金融补贴手段进行的产业政策,不但影响短期的资源配置,而且由于资产专用性和投资不可逆性,很可能造成长期的资源浪费。从中国钢铁产能、有色金属供需失衡及海外矿业投资项目都能看到这一点。政府应该通过改善市场信息不对称,共享信息资源,促进技术创新和知识扩散,以降低交易成本的方式提高企业的金融支持效率。相信市场配置功能,承认政府对市场的有限认知,是政府实施产业政策的基础。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ClaessensS, TongH, Wei SJ.From the financial crisis to the real economy: using firm-level data to identify transmission channels [J]. , 2012, 88(2): 375-387. [本文引用: 1]
[2]
KenourgiosD, DimitriouD.Contagion of the global financial crisis and the real economy: a regional analysis [J]. , 2015, 44: 283-293. [本文引用: 1]
[ Han LA, LiK.Controlling rights, cash flow rights and capital structure-empirical analysis based on panel data of private listed companies in China [J]. , 2008, 21(3): 66-73.] [本文引用: 1]
[13]
O'brien JP. The capital structure implications of pursuing a strategy of innovation [J]. , 2003, 24(5): 415-431. [本文引用: 1]
[LiuZ, Jiang FA, Lu EP.Capital structure and competition in product market [J]. , 2003, (7): 60-67.] [本文引用: 1]
[27]
Chang YK, Chen YL, Chou RK, et al. Corporate governance, product market competition and dynamic capital structure [J]. , 2015, 38: 44-55. [本文引用: 1]
[28]
GuneyY, LiL, FairchildR.The relationship between product market competition and capital structure in Chinese listed firms [J]. , 2011, 20(1): 41-51. [本文引用: 1]
[Li QY, ChenX, Wang YH.Product market competition, asset specificity and capital structure-empirical evidence from listed manufacturing companies in China [J]. , 2007, (4): 100-113.] [本文引用: 1]
[Ma JW.Study on the differences in financial support efficiency of seven strategic emerging industries in China and the influencing factors-based on the empirical evidence from listed companies [J]. , 2013, (3): 133-137.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Xiong ZD, LinX.Research on the efficiency and its factors of financial support about listed companies in strategic emerging industry [J]. , 2010, (11): 26-33.] [本文引用: 1]
[LiM, Wang AQ.Evaluation and analysis of financial support efficiency of strategic emerging industries in the new economic normalization [J]. , 2016, (5): 83-87.] [本文引用: 1]
[ Ran GH, Chu YL.Research on the efficiency of financial support on development of thrice industries-a case study of Chongqing [J]. , 2013, 27(5): 1-3.] [本文引用: 1]
[36]
Graham JR, Harvey CR, PuriM.Capital allocation and delegation of decision-making authority within firms [J]. , 2015, 115(3): 449-470. [本文引用: 1]
[ ZhangJ, Hu LI, WangB.Auditor selection, signal transmission and optimization of capital structure: an empirical research on the listed companies in China [J]. , 2010, 25(5): 33-39.] [本文引用: 1]
[41]
ParkK, Jang SC.Capital structure, free cash flow, diversification and firm performance: a holistic analysis [J]. , 2013, 33(3): 51-63. [本文引用: 1]
[Zhang CJ, Ma WC.The study on capital structure adjustment based on the future business-evidence from listed manufacturing firms in China [J]. , 2014, (8): 67-74.] [本文引用: 2]
[43]
PetacchiR.Information asymmetry and capital structure: evidence from regulation FD ☆ [J]. , 2015, 59(2-3): 143-162. [本文引用: 1]
[44]
FengC, WangM, Liu GC, et al. Sources of economic growth in China from 2000-2013 and its further sustainable growth path: a three-hierarchy meta-frontier data envelopment analysis [J]. , 2017, 64: 334-348. [本文引用: 2]