Research of the carbon dioxide emission efficiency and reduction potential of cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
FENGDong1,, LIJian1,2, 1. College of Management and Economics,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China2. Research Center for Circular Economy and Enterprise Sustainable Development,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384,China 通讯作者:通讯作者:李健,E-mail:lijian631219@163.com 收稿日期:2016-10-20 修回日期:2017-02-13 网络出版日期:2017-05-20 版权声明:2017《资源科学》编辑部《资源科学》编辑部 基金资助:教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(15JZD021)国家社会科学基金项目(15BGL211)天津市高等学校创新团队培养计划资助(TD12-5013) 作者简介: -->作者简介:冯冬,男,河南新乡人,博士生,研究方向为低碳经济与区域经济,E-mail:fengdong@tju.edu.cn
关键词:京津冀城市;二氧化碳;排放效率;减排潜力 Abstract Scientifically measuring the carbon dioxide emission efficiency and reduction potential of Chinese cities is an important basis of hitting peak emissions as soon as possible. Under a background of promoting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei synergetic development strategy,we chose 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as the research object and focused on the carbon dioxide emission efficiency and reduction potential of each city,to provide a reference for peak emissions. We adopted the SBM model which considers undesirable outputs to calculate the carbon dioxide emission efficiency of the 13 cities from 2005 to 2014. We then applied the carbon reduction potential index based on the principles of fairness and efficiency to quantitatively analyze the reduction potential;we were able to divide the 13 cities into four types:‘high equity and high efficiency’,‘high equity and low efficiency’,‘low equity and high efficiency’ and ‘low equity and low efficiency’. We found that the overall carbon emission efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region decreased during the research period and only Beijing’s and Qinhuangdao’s carbon emission efficiency are relatively effective. Although the carbon reduction potential indexes of each city are different,they are characterized by a relatively stable situation whereby the index of Beijing is the lowest and the index of Tangshan the highest. According to the category result of each city based on the equity index and efficiency index,these data confirm the key work of carbon emission reduction,strict control of carbon dioxide emissions,and coordinated development between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth into the future.
根据上述的考虑非期望产出的SBM模型,运用DEA Solver 5.0软件对京津冀13个城市2005-2014年的二氧化碳排放效率进行测算,其具体计算结果如表1所示。 Table 1 表1 表12005-2014年京津冀各城市二氧化碳排放效率 Table 1Carbon dioxide emission efficiency of each city from 2005 to 2014
根据上述的二氧化碳减排潜力指数模型,等权重地考虑公平性原则和效率性原则,即将公式(3)的权重取值为0.5,对京津冀2005-2014年各城市的减排潜力进行了计算,其具体结果如表2所示。 Table 2 表2 表22005-2014年京津冀各城市二氧化减排潜力指数 Table 2Carbon dioxide reduction potential index of each city from 2005 to 2014
年份
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
均值
北京
0.287
0.280
0.273
0.266
0.257
0.251
0.238
0.233
0.235
0.236
0.256
天津
0.595
0.528
0.515
0.506
0.509
0.550
0.630
0.620
0.627
0.623
0.570
石家庄
0.519
0.518
0.521
0.524
0.529
0.519
0.531
0.532
0.546
0.538
0.528
承德
0.366
0.374
0.442
0.467
0.458
0.466
0.492
0.494
0.507
0.564
0.463
张家口
0.417
0.433
0.444
0.463
0.467
0.482
0.494
0.506
0.519
0.523
0.475
秦皇岛
0.440
0.453
0.463
0.459
0.456
0.463
0.471
0.470
0.469
0.489
0.463
唐山
0.870
0.879
0.885
0.907
0.929
0.943
0.952
0.947
0.938
0.927
0.918
廊坊
0.479
0.489
0.500
0.507
0.508
0.505
0.518
0.525
0.534
0.535
0.510
保定
0.354
0.357
0.360
0.359
0.363
0.367
0.384
0.390
0.401
0.387
0.372
沧州
0.483
0.489
0.478
0.481
0.489
0.505
0.525
0.520
0.530
0.512
0.501
衡水
0.440
0.423
0.418
0.415
0.405
0.412
0.427
0.436
0.439
0.427
0.424
邢台
0.482
0.486
0.483
0.470
0.466
0.463
0.472
0.472
0.477
0.472
0.474
邯郸
0.507
0.528
0.535
0.539
0.536
0.537
0.549
0.553
0.557
0.555
0.540
新窗口打开 从表2的结果中可以看出,2005-2014年间,京津冀各城市二氧化碳减排潜力水平虽然存在差异但也表现为相对稳定的态势,除了北京、衡水、邢台略有下降外,其他城市则呈现出振荡式增长趋势。从10年间的均值来看,减排潜力指数最低的北京为0.256,保定的减排潜力指数的均值为0.372也相对较低,这两个城市的减排空间相对较小,而减排潜力水平最高的唐山则达到了0.918,减排潜力巨大;其他城市的减排潜力指数均在0.500上下波动,天津、石家庄、廊坊、沧州、邯郸5个城市的均值大于0.500,这些城市存在较大的减排空间;而承德、张家口、秦皇岛、衡水、邢台5个城市的减排指数均值略低于0.500,这表明这些城市虽然在二氧化碳减排方面做出了努力,但仍然存在着一定的减排空间。因此,在京津冀协同发展战略深入推进过程中,除了保证自身社会经济发展,减排潜力相对较高的城市也应承担相对较多的减排责任。 按照上述减排潜力指数计算过程,考虑京津冀城市二氧化碳减排的公平性和效率性原则,根据10年间各城市的公平性指数和效率性指数计算结果的平均值,将京津冀13个城市划分成四类:“较公平高效型”、“较公平低效型”、“欠公平高效型”和“欠公平低效型”,其具体分类结果如图1所示。 显示原图|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图1基于公平指数和效率指数的京津冀城市分类结果 -->Figure 1Category result of each city based on equity index and efficiency index -->
随着京津冀协同发展这一国家重大战略的深入推进,综合考虑京津冀城市二氧化碳排放效率及减排潜力不仅体现了中国政府提出的通过低碳发展带动经济平稳增长的发展方针,而且也能够为京津冀协同发展过程中各城市根据自身情况制定减排政策从而实现区域协同碳减排和可持续发展提供思路。 通过以上研究结论,得到如下政策启示: (1)鉴于京津冀各城市的二氧化碳排放效率差异较大,在京津冀协同发展战略推进过程中,应实行差异化的减排政策,对于排放效率较高的城市,可以鼓励其大力发展低碳技术,未来重点发展新兴高技术产业;对于排放效率较低的城市,则应加快产业结构优化升级,对落后产能进行淘汰。 (2)根据基于减排潜力公平性和效率性原则的城市类型划分结果,各城市应明确未来减排工作重点,严格控制二氧化碳排放量,实现二氧化碳减排和经济增长协调发展。 (3)加速推进京津冀协同发展战略,按照京津冀各城市的功能地位,加强各城市之间的减排合作,尽快建立区域减排责任分摊机制及减排补偿制度,通过区域协同发展完成碳排放达峰目标。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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