Research progress in dry/wet climate variation in Northwest China
LI Ming,1,2, SUN Hongquan1,2, SU Zhicheng,1,21. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China 2. Research Center on Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China
Abstract Northwest China responds sensitively to global climate change. Research and analysis of the distribution of dry/wet conditions in this region are essential for regional development. This study provides a review of dry/wet changes in Northwest China over the past 50 years from meteorological perspectives (precipitation, temperature, and evaporation), hydrological perspectives (surface water runoff, soil moisture, and terrestrial water storage), and vegetation. The results showed that the climate is getting warm and wet with the increase of temperature and precipitation. However, the pattern of east-west differentiation is discovered by taking into account the effect of land surface factors. The result considering evaporation indicated that a trend of warm-wet occurred in the west of Northwest China, and a trend of warm-dry occurred in the east. Changes in surface water resources and soil moisture also showed an increase in the west and a decrease in the east. At the same time, the vegetation condition in the west is improving significantly. Moreover, the changes in terrestrial water storage proved that the overall water resources of the study area are still very scarce and in a decreasing trend. In the future, the temperature is expected to rise continuously, precipitation, runoff and soil moisture will also increase, and the region will shift to warmer and wetter conditions. Keywords:dry/wet climate change;precipitation;water resources;Northwest China
PDF (1253KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 李明, 孙洪泉, 苏志诚. 中国西北气候干湿变化研究进展. 地理研究[J], 2021, 40(4): 1180-1194 doi:10.11821/dlyj020200328 LI Ming, SUN Hongquan, SU Zhicheng. Research progress in dry/wet climate variation in Northwest China. Geographical Research[J], 2021, 40(4): 1180-1194 doi:10.11821/dlyj020200328
湖泊面积与内陆河流量有着相似的变化趋势。受内陆河径流量增加的影响,西北西部地区过去30年大部分湖泊面积呈增加趋势,面积大于1 km2的湖泊数量增加了14个,湖泊总面积增加了950 km2 [65]。其中,1999—2007年间湖泊面积增加速率最快[66]。过去50年博斯腾湖的水位、面积和储量变化分为4个阶段:下降(1961—1987年),快速增长(1988—2002年),急剧下降(2003—2012年)和最近的急剧增长(2013—2016年)[67]。与之相反的是,西北东部地区内陆河流量的减少则导致了湖泊的萎缩。自1990年代末至2010年,红碱淖湖面积急剧萎缩,已由54 km2缩减到了38.2 km2 [68]。
陆地水储量(terrestrial water storage,TWS)包括地表水、地下水、冰川积雪、土壤湿度和生物含水量等[89]。陆地水储量是水循环的关键变量,对水、能量和生物化学通量起着重要的控制作用,从而在地球气候系统中发挥重要作用[90]。TWS的变化可以反映一个地区长期的干湿情况。由于实测站点有限、测站空间分布复杂,因此无法利用原位观测和水文模型来获得高精度大范围的区域水储存信息[91]。然而,2002年3月发射的重力反演与气候实验卫星(gravity recoverty and climate experiment,GRACE)首次实现了全球覆盖的水储量估算,并逐渐成为估算陆地水储量的常规手段[92]。
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