Study on the suitable scale of cultivated land in oasis of Changji, Xinjiang
LI Jingxin,1,2, ZHANG Hongqi,11. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Abstract The large-scale expansion of cultivated lands in arid region has caused water overload and a series of ecological problems. Therefore, conducting the scientific assessment of the scale of suitable cultivated land in arid areas can provide reference for sustainable development of agricultural and ecological environment. In this research, five years, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018 were selected as study periods. Water resources were considered as the limiting factor, and a living-production-ecology water consumption structure was built in this research, which is suitable for local socioeconomic development and eco-environment characteristics. The water and heat balance method was improved coupling physical factors like planting structure and crop coefficient in different growth periods, and management factors like irrigation guarantee rate and mulching. Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture was selected as a case study. The results show that the available water amount of the scenario of critical arable land area for planting decreased from 3.175 billion m3 in 2000 to 2.483 billion m3 in 2018, while the available water amount of the scenario of optimal arable land area for planting decreased from 2.763 billion m3 in 2000 to 2.110 billion m3 in 2018. The total planting area proportion of cotton and wheat increased from 43.58% in 2000 to 59.08% in 2018. Among the main crops, cotton and wheat had lower water requirements after being compensated by precipitation, while the sown area proportion of both increased, indicating that the planting structure is evolving toward the aspect helpful to expansion suitable cultivated land. In the five years, the optimal arable land area which can ensure adequate ecological water consumption is between 28.93 ten thousand hectare and 48.97 ten thousand hectare, while the critical arable land area which can ensure minimal ecological water consumption is between 42.63 ten thousand hectare and 67.83 ten thousand hectare. Available water for plant industry declined with fluctuations. Although the factors affecting the scale of suitable cultivated land fluctuated, under the scenarios of critical and optimal scales of arable land, the overload degree of cultivated land scale showed an upward trend, which varied from -55.15% and -39.41%, at no overload level, in 2000, to 19.92%, a level close to severe overload, and 71.37%, a level of far exceeding severe overload, respectively. The scale of local cultivated land has presented an overload development level. Keywords:water and heat balance;scale of cultivated land;crop evapotranspiration;planting structure;overload analysis
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Tab. 1 表1 表1昌吉州除种植业外“三生”用水测算方法及说明 Tab. 1Calculation and description of living-production-ecology water consumption in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture (except water consumption of planting)
Fig. 1The total amount and the water consumption structure of non-planting water consumption in the scenarios of critical or optimal scale of arable land
Fig. 7The suitable cultivated land area under the scenario of critical or optimal scale of arable land and the statistics of actual cultivated land area at the end of year from 2000 to 2018
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