龙腾^1,,
赵建国^1,2,,,
刘欣泽¹,
李智¹,
肖增佳¹,
王子振³,
欧阳芳¹
1. 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
2. 中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
3. 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院, 青岛 266580

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目"针对碳酸盐岩储层的跨频段（从地震频率-超声频率）岩石物理实验与建模研究"（41574103），以及"跨频段岩石物理实验与理论驱动的地震速度频散成像研究"（41974120），国家重大专项课题"下古生界-前寒武系地球物理勘探关键技术研究"（2016ZX05004-003），煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室开放课题（SKLCRSM19KF08），国家自然科学基金联合基金重点基金"莺琼盆地超高温压跨频段地震岩石物理响应机理研究"（U20B2015）联合资助


详细信息

作者简介: 龙腾, 男, 1993年12月生, 研究生, 主要从事岩石物理、储层预测研究.E-mail:teng.long.cup@gmail.com

通讯作者: 赵建国, 男, 1976年12月生, 现为中国石油大学(北京)地球物理学院教授, 主要从事跨频段地震岩石物理实验技术与理论研究.E-mail:zhaojg@cup.edu.cn, jgzhao761215@aliyun.com

中图分类号: P631

收稿日期:2020-06-23
修回日期:2020-08-16
上线日期:2020-12-05

Cross-band rock physics measurement and theoretical modeling of carbonate rocks—Study on the effect of different pore structures on the dispersion and attenuation of carbonate rocks

LONG Teng^1,,
ZHAO JianGuo^1,2,,,
LIU XinZe¹,
LI Zhi¹,
XIAO ZengJia¹,
WANG ZiZhen³,
OUYANG Fang¹
1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3. School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum(East China), Qingdao 266580, China


More Information

Corresponding author: ZHAO JianGuo,E-mail:zhaojg@cup.edu.cn; jgzhao761215@aliyun.com

MSC: P631

--> Received Date: 23 June 2020
Revised Date: 16 August 2020
Available Online: 05 December 2020


摘要
摘要:碳酸盐岩孔隙结构类型复杂多样，当地震波经过含有不同孔隙结构的流体饱和岩石后往往会产生不同的波频散和衰减特征，这使得根据波的不同响应特征来推断碳酸盐岩的孔隙结构类型，甚至孔隙流体性质信息成为可能.本文针对白云岩、灰岩以及人工碳酸盐岩样品开展了跨频段（超声+低频）实验测量和理论建模，探索碳酸盐岩的孔隙结构类型和孔隙流体对模量频散和衰减的影响机制.首先根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜的图像对碳酸盐岩样品进行了孔隙结构类型分析，并将样品主要分为裂缝型、裂缝-孔隙型、孔洞型三类，然后测量了相应样品完全饱和流体后在不同围压下的模量频散与衰减.在完全饱和甘油并处于低围压时，裂缝型与孔洞型样品均出现一个衰减峰，分别位于1 Hz与100 Hz附近，而裂缝-孔隙型样品则具有两个衰减峰，一个在1 Hz附近，另一个在100 Hz附近.裂缝型样品（裂缝主导）的衰减峰相比孔洞型样品（中等刚度孔隙主导）对应的衰减峰在低围压下幅度更大，且对围压变化更敏感.在测量数据的基础上，建立了考虑纵横比分布的软孔隙和中等刚度孔隙的喷射流模型，认为该模型能一定程度上解释裂缝型、裂缝-孔隙型、孔洞型三种类型碳酸盐岩在测量频带的频散.以上研究加深了对不同孔隙类型主导的碳酸盐岩储层地震响应特征的认识，对储层预测工作的进一步精细化具有重要意义.
关键词: 碳酸盐岩/
储层预测/
跨频段岩石物理/
频散/
衰减/
喷射流/
孔隙结构类型

Abstract:Carbonate rocks often exhibit complex pore structure characteristics, and the different pore structure of rocks with fluid saturation have different impacts on dispersion and attenuation of the seismic wave, which provides a possibility to invert the pore structure of rocks, the type of the pore fluid, etc. from the response of the seismic wave. In this work, we carried out cross-band rock physics measurements (ultrasonic and low frequency) and theoretical modeling for dolomite, limestone, and artificial carbonate, to clarify the dominant mechanism of the pore structure and pore fluid properties of the carbonate rocks on the dispersion and attenuation of seismic waves. We first classified rock samples into three types (crack, crack-pore, and pore) according to pore structures from images of thin sections and scanning electron microscopy. Then, we measured modulus dispersion and attenuation of each type of sample with fully fluid-saturated condition under different confining pressures. At low confining pressure, when fully saturated with glycerol, only one attenuation peak occurs at the frequency around 1 Hz and 100 Hz for each sample of crack-type and pore-type, respectively, whereas two attenuation peaks are observed for crack-pore-type samples (i.e., below 1 Hz and about 100 Hz). The magnitude of attenuation peak related to the crack-type sample (crack-dominating) exhibits larger under low confining pressure and is more pressure-sensitive than that of the pore-type sample (intermediate-pore-dominating). Based on the experimental data, the squirt flow model considering the compliant pore aspect ratio distribution and intermediate pores are built and compared with results, which can help to interpret the dispersion phenomenon corresponding to different pore types in the measurement frequency range to some degree. The above research deepens the understanding of the seismic response of carbonate reservoirs dominated by different pore types and is of significance for making a more comprehensive reservoir prediction.
Key words:Carbonate/
Reservoir prediction/
Cross-band rock physics/
Dispersion/
Attenuation/
Squirt flow/
Pore structure



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