刘宇迪1,,,
董毅2
1. 国防科学技术大学气象海洋学院, 南京 211101
2. 中国人民解放军93420部队, 石家庄 050000
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41175089）资助
详细信息
作者简介: 郭海龙, 男, 1989年生, 博士生, 研究方向为大气动力学与数值模拟.E-mail:15295798901@163.com
通讯作者: 刘宇迪, 男, 1971年生, 博士生导师, 研究方向为数值模式的动力框架和物理过程.E-mail:ydliu0509@163.com
中图分类号: P433收稿日期:2016-11-28
修回日期:2017-02-20
上线日期:2018-01-05
The hydrostatic adjustment in different patterns of the atmosphere
GUO HaiLong1,,LIU YuDi1,,,
DONG Yi2
1. Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Nanjing 211101, China
2. The 93420 Troops of PLA, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
More Information
Corresponding author: LIU YuDi,E-mail:ydliu0509@163.com
MSC: P433--> Received Date: 28 November 2016
Revised Date: 20 February 2017
Available Online: 05 January 2018
摘要
摘要:为了研究大气静力平衡适应过程的本质，利用波动理论和能量转换角度，分别对完全可压缩的等温大气模型、滞弹近似下的等温大气模型和层结中性大气模型进行研究比较.结果表明：大气静力平衡适应过程的本质是声波和混合声重力波对扰动能量的频散过程，滞弹近似模型和层结中性模型均不能完全描述此适应过程；在波动假设下，此三类大气模型中扰动物理量之间的偏振关系同波动的性质有关，气团的运动方程均为椭圆方程，声波和混合声重力波对气团运动的作用差异较显著.
大气静力平衡适应过程中扰动能量以有效势能、有效弹性势能、动能或波动能量的形式存在并相互转换；扰动有效势能与其他形式能量之间的转换与混合声重力波或者重力内波有关，扰动有效弹性势能与其他形式能量之间的转换与声波有关.在完全可压缩的等温大气模型中，扰动有效势能增加1个单位，其中69.9%来自扰动垂直动能，其余30.1%来自扰动有效弹性势能.
关键词: 静力平衡适应/
波动理论/
能量转换/
偏振关系
Abstract:In order to study the nature of the hydrostatic adjustment process in the atmosphere, three different patterns of the atmosphere (the compressible model, anelastic model and the neutral model) are compared by using the wave theory and the view of energy conversion. The results show that the mechanism of hydrostatic adjustment process is a perturbation energy dispersion process of acoustic and mixed acoustic-gravity waves, and neither the anelastic model nor the neutral model can describe this adaptation process completely. With the wave solution hypothesis, the polarization relationship of perturbation quantities in these three models of the atmosphere is related with the wave nature, and the motion regular pattern of parcels accords with elliptic equations. Meanwhile the function of acoustic waves on air mass motion differs much from that of mixed acoustic and gravity waves.
The perturbation energy in the hydrostatic adjustment is composed of the effective potential energy, the effective elastic potential energy, and the kinetic energy or wave energy which can convert each other. The conversion between perturbation effective potential energy and other forms of energy is related with the acoustic-gravity waves or internal gravity waves. The conversion between the perturbation elastic potential energy and other kinds of energy is associated with acoustic waves. In the completely compressible isothermal model, when the perturbation effective potential energy is increased by 1 unit, 69.9% of which is derived from the perturbation vertical kinetic energy, and the remaining 30.1% is derived from the perturbation effective elastic potential energy.
Key words:Hydrostatic adjustment/
Wave theory/
Energy conversion/
Polarization
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