魏永明^1,,
李剑南^1,2,,,
陈玉¹,
高锦风^1,2
1. 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院, 北京 100094
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（批准号：2017YFC1500900）和兵团科技攻关项目（批准号：2017DB005-01）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 魏永明, 男, 55岁, 研究员, 遥感地质研究, E-mail: wei_fu@sina.com

通讯作者: 李剑南, E-mail: lijiannan19@mails.ucas.ac.cn

中图分类号: P315.2;TP79

收稿日期:2021-04-28
修回日期:2021-06-22
刊出日期:2021-11-30

Research on optical remote sensing characteristics of coseismic surface rupture of different types of seismogenic faults

WEI Yongming^1,,
LI Jiannan^1,2,,,
CHEN Yu¹,
GAO Jinfeng^1,2
1. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094


More Information

Corresponding author: LI Jiannan,E-mail:lijiannan19@mails.ucas.ac.cn

MSC: P315.2;TP79

--> Received Date: 28 April 2021
Revised Date: 22 June 2021
Publish Date: 30 November 2021


摘要
摘要:多平台、多传感器米级/亚米级光学遥感数据的快速获取能力的提升使震后应急期间及时、全面了解大地震同震地表破裂带的空间分布、单条破裂规模、平面组合特征及准确分析发震断层类型等成为可能。文章以2001年青海昆仑山口西M_S8.1地震、2008年四川汶川M_S8.0地震、2010年青海玉树M_S7.1地震和2014年新疆于田M_S7.3地震为大地震典型震例，选取震后高分二号（GF-2）、WorldView-2和Landsat-7等卫星遥感数据及航空遥感数据为主要光学遥感信息源。分析了遥感技术在地表破裂识别中的适用性基础上，根据同震地表破裂基本单元的几何形态特征和色调特征，建立了不同性质的地震陡坎、跌水、地震凹陷、地震裂缝、地震鼓包（梁）、挤压隆起/挤压脊、拉分盆地、断塞塘、断层槽谷等微型构造地貌和水系、河流阶地、洪积扇（台地）、湖积台地、公路、田埂等地质体/地物的水平断错地貌的遥感识别标识。根据不同地表破裂基本单元的空间分布遥感分析，可完善其平面组合特征及快速、准确推断发震断层的类型。对于走滑型地震，结合里德尔剪切破裂模型，可快速分析主破裂带与次级破裂带、共轭剪切破裂等的空间关系，准确、完整掌握地表破裂可能出现的空间位置。不同类型发震断层的同震地表破裂光学遥感特征研究可为大地震后应急救援期间同震地表破裂的快速识别和分析提供技术支撑，遥感分析结果可为震后发震断层的空间延伸及类型判断、地震烈度图的精准修正等提供重要的辅助信息依据，同时也可针对性地指导震后地表破裂的科学考察。
关键词: 发震断层/
同震地表破裂基本单元/
光学遥感/
地表破裂平面组合特征

Abstract:The improvement of the ability to quickly acquire optical remote sensing data with meter scale/sub-meter scale resolution by multi-platforms and multi-sensors makes it possible to understand the spatial distribution, single rupture scale, plane combination features of co-seismic surface rupture zones timely and overally and analyze the characteristics of seismogenic faults during post-earthquake emergency accurately. In this article, 2001 M_S8.1 west of Kunlunshan pass earthquake in Qinghai, 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, 2010 M_S7.1 Yushu earthquake in Qinghai and 2014 M_S7.3 Yutian earthquake in Xinjiang are selected as typical examples of large earthquakes. The post-earthquake GF-2 satellite remote sensing data of Kunlunshan pass earthquake(14 scenes, coverd by almost all surface rapture zones), Yushu earthquake(2 scenes, west of Jiegu Town) and Yutian earthquake(3 scenes, coverd by almost all surface fracture zones), WorldView-2 satellite remote sensing data at 6 well preserved surface fracture points of Wenchuan earthquake, Landsat-7 satellite remote sensing data of Kunlunshan pass earthquake(3 scenes, most of all surface fracture zones) and some aerial remote sensing data of the worst-affected disaster areas of Wenchuan earthquake(to north Yingxiu Town in Wenchaun County) and Yushu earthquake(Jiegu Town) are used as the main optical remote sensing information sources at meter/sub-meter scale. After the analysis of the applicability of remote sensing technology in surface fracture identification, their remote sensing interpretation signs of micro-tectonic landforms and horizontal faulted landforms are established based on the geometric and tonal features. The micro-tectonic landforms of surface rupture basic units include different types of fault scarps, water fall, seismic depression, seismic fractures, mole track, extrusion uplift/compression ridge, pull-apart basin, fault sag pond, fault valley and so on. The horizontal faulted landform results from dislocation of geologic bodies/surface features, such as river system, river terrace, diluvial fan(upland), lacustrine platform road, field ridge and so on. According to remote sensing analysis of spatial distribution characteristics of different surface rupture basic units, the plane combination features can be improved and the properties of seismogenic faults may be determined quickly and accurately. For strike-slip earthquake, the theory of Riedel shear pattern can be used to analyze the spatial relationship between the main rupture zone and the secondary rupture zones of strike-slip earthquake and that of the conjugate shear rupture zones, so as to grasp the possible spatial locations and plane combination characteristics of surface ruptures accurately and completely. The study results of optical remote sensing of co-seismic surface rupture of different types of seismogenic faults can provide technical support for rapid identification of co-seismic surface rupture during post-earthquake emergency. The results of optical remote sensing analysis of coseismic surface rupture in large earthquakes can not only provide important auxiliary information basis for judging the spatial extension and type of seismogenic faults and correcting the seismic intensity map accurately, but aslo guide the scientific investigation of surface rupture after earthquake.
Key words:seismogenic fault/
basic unit of coseismic surface rupture/
optical remote sensing/
plane combined characteristics of surface rupture



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