尹建吉^1,,
胡竹君^1,2,,,
吴小爽¹,
林留根³,
甘恢元³,
张驰⁴,
萧家仪^1,2
1. 南京师范大学地理科学学院, 江苏 南京 210023
2. 江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心, 江苏 南京 210023
3. 南京博物院考古研究所, 江苏 南京 210018
4. 淮安楚州博物馆, 江苏 淮安 223200

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（973项目）（批准号：2015CB953804）、国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41472141和41772369）和江苏省科技厅面上项目（批准号：BK20150065）共同资助


详细信息

作者简介: 尹建吉, 男, 26岁, 硕士研究生, 自然地理专业, E-mail:1959278138@qq.com

通讯作者: 胡竹君, E-mail:zhujunhu@njnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: K878;Q913.84;Q949.27

收稿日期:2018-06-21
修回日期:2018-10-12
刊出日期:2019-01-30

Palaeo-environment history of Qingliangang site reconstructed from pollen and diatom records

Yin Jianji^1,,
Hu Zhujun^1,2,,,
Wu Xiaoshuang¹,
Lin Liugen³,
Gan Huiyuan³,
Zhang Chi⁴,
Xiao Jiayi^1,2
1. School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu
2. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development And Application, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu
3. Nanjing Museum Institute of Archaeology, Nanjing, 210018, Jiangsu
4. Huai'an Chuzhou Museum, Huai'an 223200, Jiangsu


More Information

Corresponding author: Hu Zhujun,E-mail:zhujunhu@njnu.edu.cn

MSC: K878;Q913.84;Q949.27

--> Received Date: 21 June 2018
Revised Date: 12 October 2018
Publish Date: 30 January 2019


摘要
摘要:废黄河南岸的青莲岗遗址是江淮东部重要的新石器遗址，了解其古环境背景变化对于认识该遗址的发展具有重要意义。通过对青莲岗遗址考古地层的AMS ¹⁴C年代、孢粉和硅藻的综合分析，探讨了海水对该遗址的影响及水环境的变化。研究结果表明，生土层堆积后期（5.9 cal.kaB.P.以前），孢粉中莎草科占绝对优势，伴生蒿和藜科，硅藻组合中半咸水属种为优势种，海水种破碎壳体较多，可能为水动力较强的滨海盐沼环境。新石器文化层堆积期（5.9~4.8 cal.ka B.P.），硅藻属种中半咸水种减少，淡水底栖附生种为主要优势种，海水种硅藻破碎壳体的个数快速下降，表明此时环境逐渐稳定，海水或半咸水的影响减弱，适宜新石器先民的生产和生活。孢粉中水生、湿生草本和大型禾本科花粉增加，表明浅水水域面积增大，稻作农业开始出现。历史和近代时期（4.8 cal.ka B.P.以来），大型禾本科花粉急剧降低，表明稻作活动基本不存在。此时，硅藻中海水种和海水种破碎壳体有所增加，表明受到海水一定程度的影响，水动力再次加强，可能与海水倒灌或古黄河的泛滥有关。
关键词: 青莲岗遗址/
孢粉/
硅藻/
海面变化

Abstract:The relationship between the development of human civilization and the evolution of paleoenvironment has always been a hot topic. The eastern part of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River is adjacent to the Yellow Sea, and the interaction between the sea and the land is obvious. During the Holocene, the evolution of geomorphology is directly controlled by sea level change. In the coastal areas, the study of the process of geomorphological evolution is critical for deeply understanding the relationship between Neolithic culture development and palaeoenvironment change. The Qingliangang site(33°43.099'N, 119°16.966'E) on the south bank of the ancient Yellow River is an important Neolithic site in the eastern part of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. Because of its cultural appearance was different from the Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture known at the time. In 1956, it was named "Qingliangang Culture", which broke the cultural pattern of Yangshao-Longshan in the Yellow River and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It promotes the establishment of the cultural sequence in the eastern part of the Yangtze and Huaihe River and is of great value to the study of prehistoric culture in the southeast coast. Studing the changes of paleoenvironmental background of Qingliangang profile is of great significance for understanding the development of the site. In this study, 9 samples were taken from 9 layers of north wall in unite T2, located in the southeast of the Qingliangang relics. Through the AMS ¹⁴C dating, pollen and diatom analysis, the paper examined the changes of the water environment and the impact from seawater.
The results show that in the late stage of raw soil layer(before 5.9 cal.ka B.P.), the brackish water benthic/epiphytic species in the diatom assemblage is dominant and the number of marine species Coscinodiscus spp. fragments is relatively high. The pollen assemblage is characterized by high abundance of Cyperaceae, accompanied by Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, which resembles the modern salt marsh vegetation. These may indicate that the coastal salt marsh environment was associated with strong hydrological forces. During the period of the Neolithic culture layer(5.9~4.8 cal.ka B.P.), the diatom group is mainly consist of freshwater benthic/epiphytic species and brackish-freshwater aerophilous species, and brackish water species decreased. Diatom concentration increased, while the number of marine diatom fragments decreased rapidly. These all show that the environment was gradually stable, while the influence of marine was weaken. Both the decelerated sea level increase rate since around 6 ka, and the sufficient sediment supply, contributed to the aggradation of eastern Jianghuai Plain. The coastline gradually moved eastward, and the swamp environment in Qingliangang area gradually developed. The geomorphic conditions was suitable for the production and living of the Neolithic ancestors. The increase of aquatic, wet herbs and the big form of Poaceae suggests that there were an increase of shallow water area and emergence of rice farming. In the history and modern times(since 4.8 cal.ka B.P.), the big form of Poaceae decreased dramatically, which indicates there was absence of rice farming activities. The increase of the relative abundance of aerophilous diatom species and Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, all reveal the shrink of water area. During this period, the relative abundance of marine diatom and the number of marine diatom fragments increased, showing that the hydrological forces were strengthened again due to the influence of seawater. It may be related to the flooding of seawater or the flooding of the ancient Yellow River.
Key words:Qingliangang site/
pollen/
diatom/
sea level change



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