鲁鹏,,
陈盼盼,,
秦小阳
河南省科学院地理研究所, 河南 郑州 450052
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（批准号：41701014和41671014）、国家社会科学基金项目（批准号：11 & ZD183和18CKG003）、河南省科技攻关项目（批准号：182102310921）、嵩山文化研究会重大课题、河南省数字环境考古特聘研究员项目和郑州地区环境考古研究项目共同资助
详细信息
作者简介: 闫丽洁, 女, 38岁, 助理研究员, GIS应用与数字环境考古研究, E-mail:403018471@qq.com
通讯作者: 鲁鹏, E-mail:bulate_0@163.com; 鲁鹏, E-mail:bulate_0@163.com
中图分类号: K854;K871.13收稿日期:2018-10-08
修回日期:2018-11-25
刊出日期:2019-01-30
Study on the temporal and spatial pattern of prehistoric settlement around Songshan Mountain
Yan Lijie,Lu Peng,,
Chen Panpan,,
Qin Xiaoyang
Geographical Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 400521, Henan
More Information
Corresponding authors: Lu Peng,E-mail:bulate_0@163.com ; Chen Panpan,E-mail:cppbed@163.com
MSC: K854;K871.13--> Received Date: 08 October 2018
Revised Date: 25 November 2018
Publish Date: 30 January 2019
摘要
摘要:史前聚落时空格局反映了早期人类社会组织形态和生产生活方式及其演化特征，对其进行深入研究有助于理解早期人类活动与自然环境之间的互动机制。本研究采用标准差椭圆、核密度（Kernel）相结合的GIS点模式分析方法，对比研究了华夏文明起源核心区域——环嵩山地区裴李岗、仰韶、龙山、夏商4个时期聚落分布时空格局和密度集聚程度的变化特征。研究结果显示：1）从裴李岗时期到龙山时期聚落分布趋于分散，从龙山时期到夏商时期，聚落分布趋于集中；从裴李岗时期到仰韶时期聚落空间分布由西北-东南格局向东北-西南方向转变。龙山时期聚落空间分布沿袭了仰韶时期东北-西南格局特征，夏商时期聚落分布又转变近东-西方向。2）环嵩山地区聚落遗址点空间分布核密度存在明显的空间差异；聚落遗址点分布的密集地带在空间上明显出现转移，裴李岗时期最密集地带在新密市；仰韶时期，聚落分布密度比裴李岗时期大大增加，形成偃师、荥阳、郑州3个典型的中心；龙山时期，聚落密度相对仰韶时期稍微降低，保留了两个聚落密度集聚中心，即偃师地区与郑州地区；夏商时期核密度在4个时期中是最大的，聚落密度集聚中心与龙山时期大致相同。环嵩山地区史前时期聚落时空格局变化研究表明早期聚落形态及其演化过程是人类在一定环境基础上依据自身文化特征选择和适应的结果。
关键词: 环嵩山地区/
史前时期/
聚落/
时空格局变化
Abstract:The area around Songshan Mountain(33°6'50"~35°3'30"N, 111°8'20"~114°19'20"E) including Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Xuchang, Pingdingshan and its surrounding areas is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. The archaeological sites are dense and highly important in this area. This paper selected the area around Songshan Mountain as study area and studied the spatial and temporal patterns of settlement distribution and density concentration in the four cultural periods of Peiligang, Yangshao, Longshan, Xia and Shang by using the method of standard deviation ellipse and Kernel. The results showed that:(1) From Peiligang period to Longshan period, the settlement distribution tended to be dispersed, from Longshan period to Xia and Shang period, the settlement distribution tended to be concentrated; from Peiligang period to Yangshao period, the settlement spatial distribution changed from northwest-southeast to northeast-southwest. The spatial distribution of settlements in Longshan period followed the northeast-southwest pattern of Yangshao period, and the distribution of settlements in Xia-Shang period changed to the west-east direction. (2) There were obvious spatial differences in the spatial distribution of the core density of the settlement sites around the Songshan area. In the Yangshao period, the density of settlements was much higher than that in the Peiligang period, forming three typical centers of Yanshi, Xingyang and Zhengzhou. In Longshan period, the density of settlements decreased slightly compared with that in Yangshao period, and two centers of settlement density were reserved, namely Yanshi area and Zhengzhou area. In Xia and Shang period, the nuclear density was the largest, and the centers of settlement density were roughly the same as those in Longshan period. The study on the spatial-temporal pattern of prehistoric settlements around Songshan Mountain showed that the early settlement form and its evolution process were the result of human being's choice and adaptation according to their own cultural characteristics on the basis of certain environment.
Key words:around Songshan Mountain/
prehistoric times/
settlements/
temporal and spatial pattern changes
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