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近似计算的普适性:一元弱酸的滴定突跃范围

本站小编 Free考研考试/2021-12-27

中文关键词:滴定一元弱酸化学计量点突跃范围 英文关键词:TitrationMonoprotic weak acidStoichiometric pointRange of abrupt change 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(21773072)、广东省普通高校青年创新人才项目(2018KQNCX005)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2019MS031)资助
作者单位E-mail
柳青华南理工大学分析测试中心 广州 510640
王海水华南理工大学化学与化工学院 广州 510640wanghsh@scut.edu.cn
摘要点击次数:969 全文下载次数:0 中文摘要: 突跃范围是选择指示剂的主要依据,也是决定能否准确滴定的重要条件。滴定一元弱酸HB溶液时,计量点前(滴定分数a=0.999),许多溶液中cHB与[OH-]或cHB与[H+]具有相同数量级,因此通用教科书介绍的近似式pH=pKa+lg(cB-)/(cHB)存在较大局限性。本文新推导出了满足误差要求(在±0.02pH以内)的适用滴定各种浓度一元弱酸HB的pH的近似公式。计量点前,溶液酸性情形(pKa≤4.0),溶液[H+]=10-3cKa/c+2Ka;溶液碱性情形(pKa>4.0),溶液[H+]=cKa+√cKacKa+8×10-8)/2000c。计量点后(a=1.001),考虑弱碱B-对溶液pH影响,则有溶液[H+]=-cKa+√cKacKa+8×10-8)/2000c英文摘要: The range of abrupt change in the titration curve plays a key role in selecting an indicator, and also is the important factor to determine whether or not the titration proceeds accurately. Before the stoichiometric point of the chemical reaction, the approximate formula pH=pKa+lg(cB-)/(cHB) can be normally used to obtain the solution pH. However, if[OH-] is close to cHB or[H+] approaches cHB, the above approximation should be a serious problem. In this paper, pH approximation formulas for monoprotic weak acid with different concentrations are derived, which satisfy the error requirement (within ±0.02 pH). Before the stoichiometric point (a=0.999), if the solution is acidic (pKa ≤ 4.0 case),[H+]=10-3cKa/c+2Ka; if the solution is alkaline (pKa>4.0 case),[H+]=cKa+√cKa(cKa+8×10-8)/2000c. After the stoichiometric point (a=1.001),[H+]=-cKa+√cKa(cKa+8×10-8)/2000c. The three equations works more properly than the formula pH=pKa+lgcB-/cHB. 查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器 相关附件:PDF全文版权转让声明书审稿意见回复及修改稿PDF版 -->
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