Jinghui Song
Yibin Liu
Chun-Xiao Song
Chengqi Yi
1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China;
2 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK;
3 Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK;
4 State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
5 Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
6 Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Funds: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31861143026 to C.Y.), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFA0110902 and 2019YFA08002501 to C.Y.), the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (C-X.S.), Cancer Research UK (C63763/A26394 and C63763/A27122 to C-X.S.) NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (to C-X. S.) and Emerson Collective (to C-X.S.). L-Y.Z. is supported by China Scholarship Council. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. We apologize for not being able to cite all the publications related to this topic due to space constraints of the journal.
Received Date: 2020-02-12
Rev Recd Date:2020-03-16
Abstract
Abstract
Over 17 and 160 types of chemical modifications have been identified in DNA and RNA, respectively. The interest in understanding the various biological functions of DNA and RNA modifications has lead to the cutting-edged fields of epigenomics and epitranscriptomics. Developing chemical and biological tools to detect specific modifications in the genome or transcriptome has greatly facilitated their study. Here, we review the recent technological advances in this rapidly evolving field. We focus on high-throughput detection methods and biological findings for these modifications, and discuss questions to be addressed as well. We also summarize third-generation sequencing methods, which enable long-read and single-molecule sequencing of DNA and RNA modification.Keywords: DNA modification,
DNA methylation,
RNA modification,
epitranscriptomics,
epigenetics,
long read sequencing
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