Jiani Cao
Xingxing Shi
Liang Wang
Tongbiao Zhao
1 State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Funds: This research was funded by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China 2018YFA0108402, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences XDA16030302, the National Natural Science Foundation of China Program 31720103907, 31621004, 31570995, the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ZDRW-ZS-2017-5 to T.Z, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science XDA16040501 to J.C and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M630205) to K.L.
Received Date: 2019-09-14
Rev Recd Date:2020-06-18
Abstract
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can immortally self-renew in culture with a high proliferation rate, and they possess unique metabolic characteristics that facilitate pluripotency regulation. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the mechanisms that link cellular metabolism and homeostasis to pluripotency regulation, with particular emphasis on pathways involving amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. Metabolism of amino acids and lipids is tightly coupled to epigenetic modification, organelle remodeling and cell signaling pathways for pluripotency regulation. PSCs harness enhanced proteasome and autophagy activity to meet the material and energy requirements for cellular homeostasis. These regulatory events reflect a fine balance between the intrinsic cellular requirements and the extrinsic environment. A more complete understanding of this balance will pave new ways to manipulate PSC fate.Keywords: autophagy,
amino acid metabolism,
lipid metabolism,
pluripotent stem cell (PSC),
ubiquitinproteasome system (UPS)
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