摘要:模式评估是模式发展中不可或缺的重要一环。本文利用最新版陆面模式评估软件—ILAMB（International Land Model Benchmarking）对通用陆面模式 (The Common Land Model, CoLM)进行客观评估，并与NCAR陆面模式CLM5(Community Land Model version 5)结果进行比较。作为一个陆面模式评估软件，ILAMB能对参与评估的模式变量自动生成诊断图形并对模式性能进行评分。评估结果表明，CoLM总体性能良好，模拟结果与基准数据较为接近。与CLM5相比，CoLM在总初级生产力及水文方面的表现略微逊色，在辐射方面则表现相当，对部分变量如地表向上长波辐射、地表净辐射等的模拟甚至优于CLM5。通过对比CRUNCEPv7和GSWP3v1两种强迫资料发现，它们在气候平均态上具有一定的差异，模式在GSWP3v1强迫下的表现相对较好。CoLM和CLM5在CRUCNEPv7强迫下模拟的潜热通量在亚马逊平原、亚洲东部和南部地区以及北美东部一带正偏差显著，而在GSWP3v1强迫下的模拟则有明显改善。这两个模式对感热通量的模拟在非洲北部、亚洲中部一带均明显偏高。在辐射方面，CoLM模拟的地表向上短波辐射在全球以偏高为主，这在一定程度上造成了地表净辐射的模拟偏低。各组试验模拟的地表向上长波辐射得分相差不大，但在具体的空间分布上有一定的差别。
关键词:陆面模拟/
CoLM模式/
ILAMB软件/
模式评估
Abstract:Model evaluation is an indispensable part of model development. In this study, the authors evaluated the Common Land Model (CoLM) using the latest benchmark software called International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) and compared this model with the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) from NCAR. As a land surface model benchmark software, ILAMB can automatically generate graphical diagnostics for model variables and score model performance. Results show that CoLM generally performs well, and its simulation result is close to the benchmark data. Compared with CLM5, CoLM is slightly inferior for gross primary productivity and hydrologic processes. For radiation, CoLM performs as well as CLM5, and is even better for variables such as surface upward long-wave radiation and surface net radiation. Comparing the forcing data of CRUNCEPv7 and GSWP3v1, the authors found differences in the climate average state and observed that the model performance under GSWP3v1 forcing is better. The latent heat flux simulated by CoLM and CLM5 under CRUCNEPv7 forcing has a significant positive bias in the Amazon plains, eastern and southern Asia, and eastern North America, but the bias decreases under GSWP3v1 forcing. The two models overestimate the sensible heat flux in north Africa and central Asia with either of the two forcing datasets. Regarding the radiative process, the surface upward shortwave radiation simulated by CoLM was mainly on the high side in the world, which to a certain extent caused the low level of surface net radiation. The surface upward long-wave radiation scores of four experiments are similar, but a difference exists in the specific spatial distribution.
Key words:Land surface simulation/
CoLM model/
ILAMB software/
Model evaluation
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