摘要:城市通风廊道能增加城市空气流通能力，缓解城市热岛，为了定量评估城市通风廊道的气象效应，本文采用区域边界层化学模式（RBLM-Chem），利用杭州市高分辨率地表类型、城市建筑等资料，开展了杭州市通风廊道影响的模拟研究，模式水平分辨率为250 m。本文针对冬季和夏季两个典型个例进行数值模拟和敏感性试验，夏季个例时间为2013年8月12日，盛行南风，风向顺着通风廊道；冬季个例时间为2014年1月28日，盛行东风，风向垂直于通风廊道。主要结论如下：城市绿色通风廊道有增加风速、降低气温、提高湿度的作用，与没有通风廊道的情况相比，夏季风顺着廊道方向时，廊道区域风速平均增加可达1.4 m/s，廊道区域内60 m高度风速平均增加可达1 m/s。而冬季风垂直于廊道时，廊道区域风速增加较小，仅有0.5 m/s左右。通风廊道夏季降温幅度平均可达2.7℃，冬季降温幅度较小，仅有0.6℃左右。通风廊道对气象场的影响随风向向下游延伸，夏季在通风廊道下游250 m处，风速增加、气温下降、相对湿度增加最大值分别为1.5 m/s、2.9℃、3.1%，即使在通风廊道下游1500 m处，最大降温仍有1.2℃。
关键词:杭州/
城市气候/
城市通风廊道/
RBLM-Chem模式
Abstract:Urban ventilation corridors can increase urban air liquidity capacity and relieve the urban heat island. In order to quantitatively evaluate the meteorological effects of urban ventilation corridors, the regional boundary layer chemistry model (RBLM-Chem) was used to analyze meteorological effects of the ventilation corridor under different weather types based on the dataset of high resolution surface types and urban buildings in Hangzhou. The horizontal resolution of the model is 250 m. The results indicate that the urban ventilation corridor can increase wind speed, decrease temperature, and increase humidity. Compared with the situation that the ventilation corridor is absent, wind speeds at the surface and 60-m height in the corridor area increase by 1.4 m/s and 1 m/s, respectively. In the summer, temperature in the corridor area can decrease by 2.7℃ due to the cooling effect of the ventilation corridor. This value is much higher than that in winter, which is only about 0.6℃. At 250-m downstream of the ventilation corridor, the maximum values of the increments of wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity are 1.5 m/s, -2.9℃ and 3.1%, respectively. Even at 1500-m downstream of the ventilation corridor, the maximum temperature increments can still reach up to -1.2℃.
Key words:Hangzhou/
Urban climate/
Urban ventilation corridor/
RBLM-Chem model
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http://www.iapjournals.ac.cn/qhhj/article/exportPdf?id=20190102
