彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟的发生危害程度及其卵寄生蜂寄生行为的影响

删除或更新信息，请邮件至freekaoyan#163.com(#换成@)

本站小编 Free考研考试/2021-12-26

郑许松^,¹^,², 田俊策¹, 侯建军³, 吕仲贤^,¹

1 浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所/浙江省植物有害生物防控省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,杭州310021

2 农业农村部创意农业重点实验室,杭州310021

3 安吉县植保站,浙江安吉313300

Effects of Colorful Rice on the Degree of Occurrence and Damage by Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Parasitic Behavior of Its Egg Parasitoids

ZHENG XuSong^,¹^,², TIAN JunCe¹, HOU JianJun³, Lü ZhongXian^,¹

1 Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/China National Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou 310021

2 Laboratory of Creative Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021

3 Anji Plant Protection Station, Anji 313300, Zhejiang

通讯作者: 吕仲贤,E-mail： luzxmh@163.com

第一联系人: 联系方式：郑许松,E-mail： zhengxs0502@sina.com。
收稿日期:2018-04-28接受日期:2018-08-7网络出版日期:2018-11-16

基金资助:

浙江省重点研发计划.2015C02016
国家水稻产业技术体系.CARS-01-36
浙江省植物有害生物防控省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地自主设计项目.2010DS700124-ZZ1601

Received:2018-04-28Accepted:2018-08-7Online:2018-11-16

摘要
【目的】应用彩色稻进行田间彩绘是创意农业的重要组成部分,但这可能影响水稻病虫害的发生和危害。本研究旨在探明彩色稻对水稻主要食叶害虫稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis）及其卵寄生蜂的影响,为创意农业稻田稻纵卷叶螟的防治提供理论依据。【方法】比较稻纵卷叶螟在紫色稻、黄色稻和常规稻（对照）上的生物学特性,包括幼虫及蛹的历期、幼虫及蛹的存活率、蛹重和性比等;比较稻纵卷叶螟成虫在彩色稻和常规稻之间的产卵选择性;比较稻纵卷叶螟的重要卵寄生蜂螟黄赤眼蜂（Trichogramma chilonis）和稻螟赤眼蜂（T. japonicum）对彩色稻和常规稻上稻纵卷叶螟卵的寄生选择性,并在大田条件下调查彩色稻稻田和用紫色稻写字的创意稻田中稻纵卷叶螟的发生情况。【结果】室内试验结果表明,稻纵卷叶螟趋向于在彩色稻上产卵,在彩色稻上的产卵百分比达60%以上,显著高于常规稻,同时稻纵卷叶螟在彩色稻上的生态适应性高于常规稻,用紫色稻和黄色稻叶片饲养的稻纵卷叶螟幼虫存活率和蛹存活率均显著高于常规稻。彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟的发育历期、蛹重和性比无显著影响。不同赤眼蜂对不同水稻品种上稻纵卷叶螟卵的寄生选择性有差异,螟黄赤眼蜂偏向寄生紫色稻上的卵,对黄色稻的选择性最低,但寄生率无显著差异;而稻螟赤眼蜂偏向寄生绿色常规稻上的稻纵卷叶螟卵,对紫色稻上稻纵卷叶螟卵的选择性最低。3种水稻同时存在的情况下,稻螟赤眼蜂对常规稻上稻纵卷叶螟卵的寄生率是紫色稻上的4.3倍,是黄色稻上的2.1倍。在大田情况下,紫色稻和黄色稻稻田中稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率和幼虫密度显著高于常规稻田,紫色稻的稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率最高,为15.3%,是常规稻的10.9倍,黄色稻的3倍;紫色稻和黄色稻的稻纵卷叶螟残虫率分别为4.5%和3.3%,也显著高于常规稻（1.1%）。以紫色稻进行田间彩绘时,紫色稻上的稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率均在6%以上,显著高于常规稻田（4%以下）。【结论】彩色稻相对于常规水稻更易于吸引稻纵卷叶螟危害,且稻纵卷叶螟在彩色稻上的生态适应性高于常规稻,而稻螟赤眼蜂对紫色稻上稻纵卷叶螟卵的选择性最低,不利于紫色稻上稻纵卷叶螟的生物防控。在利用彩色稻进行创意农业稻田彩绘时应充分考虑其负面的生态影响,并制定针对性防治策略。
关键词： 观赏水稻;稻纵卷叶螟;产卵选择性;生态适应性;寄生偏好

Abstract

【Objective】The application of colorful rice in field painting is an important part of creative agriculture, but it may affect the occurrence and damage of the main pests in paddy field. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of colorful rice on Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and its egg parasitic wasps, and to provide a theoretical basis for the control of C. medinalis in creative agriculture.【Method】The biological characteristics of C. medinalis in purple rice, yellow rice and common rice (control) were compared, including the developmental duration of larval and pupal stage, survival rate of larvae and pupae, pupal weight and sex ratio. The oviposition selectivity of C. medinalis, and parasitic selectivity of its important egg parasitoids (Trichogramma chilonis and Trichogramma japonicum) between colorful rice and common rice were also compared. The occurrence of C. medinalis in colorful rice paddy field and creative field painting with purple rice was investigated as well.【Result】The results of laboratory test showed that C. medinalis preferred to lay eggs on colorful rice, and the percentage of egg laying on colorful rice was more than 60%, which was significantly higher than that of green common rice. The ecological fitness of C. medinalis on colorful rice was higher than that on green common rice. The larval and pupae survival rates of C. medinalis fed with purple rice and yellow rice were significantly higher than those of common rice. The colorful rice had no significant effect on the developmental duration, pupal weight and sex ratio of C. medinalis. The parasitic selectivity of different Trichogramma species to the eggs of C. medinalis on different rice varieties was different. T. chilonis preferred to parasitize the C. medinalis eggs laid on purple rice, and had the lowest parasitic selectivity on yellow rice, but the parasitic rate had no significant difference. However, T. japonicum preferred to parasitize the eggs laid on green common rice, and had the lowest selectivity of the eggs laid on purple rice. The parasitic rate of T. japonicum on the eggs of common rice was 4.3 times higher than that of purple rice and 2.1 times higher than that of yellow rice when three kinds of rice existed at the same time. The rate of rolled leaf caused by C. medinalis and the larva density in colorful rice field were significantly higher than those in common rice field. The rate of rolled leaf in purple rice area was the highest (15.3%), which was 10.9 times of that of common rice and 3 times of that of yellow rice. The residual rate of C. medinalis in purple rice and yellow rice was 4.5% and 3.3%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of common rice (1.1%). When purple rice was used to write Chinese characters in paddy field, the rate of rolled leaf in purple rice was above 6%, which was significantly higher than that in common rice field (below 4%). 【Conclusion】Compared with common rice, colorful rice is easier to attract C. medinalis, and the ecological fitness of C. medinalis on colorful rice is higher than that of common rice, while T. japonicum has the lowest selectivity to C. medinalis eggs on purple rice. It is unfavorable to biological control of C. medinalis on purple rice. The negative ecological effects should be fully considered when using colorful rice to paint the creative agricultural paddy fields, and corresponding control strategies should be worked out.

Keywords：ornamental rice;Cnaphalocrocis medinalis;oviposition preference;ecological fitness;parasitic preference

PDF (431KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex 收藏本文
本文引用格式
郑许松, 田俊策, 侯建军, 吕仲贤. 彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟的发生危害程度及其卵寄生蜂寄生行为的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(22): 4288-4296 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.22.007
ZHENG XuSong, TIAN JunCe, HOU JianJun, Lü ZhongXian. Effects of Colorful Rice on the Degree of Occurrence and Damage by Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Parasitic Behavior of Its Egg Parasitoids[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(22): 4288-4296 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.22.007

0 引言

【研究意义】在杂交水稻生产中,为实现杂交种子纯度的快速鉴定,防患因不育系在异常天气条件下出现自交带来的风险,一些叶色突变基因彩色稻,如黄叶^[1,2]、紫叶^[3,4]等被用作标记性状导入杂交水稻不育系。近年来,随着乡村振兴战略开始全面部署实施,美丽乡村建设成为推进生态文明建设和提升社会主义新农村建设的新工程、新载体^[5]。其中应用彩色稻进行稻田彩绘是创意农业的重要内容之一^[6]。然而,稻田彩绘可能会影响水稻害虫的发生和危害情况,一方面,不同的水稻品种自身对害虫有不同的生态适应性^[7,8],另一方面,害虫及其天敌对不同水稻品种也可能存在不同的适应及识别能力^[9,10,11],进而影响彩色稻的害虫治理策略。因此,进行水稻害虫及其天敌对彩色稻的反应评价,对建立合适的水稻害虫防治技术体系具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis）是稻田最重要的害虫之一,其在2000年以后发生日益严重^[12]。目前,稻田彩绘最常见的为黄色稻和紫色稻搭配常规绿叶稻进行稻田作画和写字等创作。稻田彩绘使稻田中品种结构、区域色彩发生了巨大变化,这可能对稻纵卷叶螟及其天敌的行为和发生产生影响,然而目前还未有相关的研究报道。稻螟赤眼蜂（Trichogramma japonicum）和螟黄赤眼蜂（Trichogramma chilonis）是稻纵卷叶螟的优势卵寄生蜂^[13],对稻纵卷叶螟具有良好的自然控制作用。但由于赤眼蜂具有显著的趋色行为^[11],其在彩色稻稻田对稻纵卷叶螟的控制作用有待进一步研究。【本研究切入点】有鉴于此,在室内和大田条件下开展彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟生物学特性和产卵选择性的影响,对稻螟赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂寄生选择性的影响,以及大田条件下对稻纵卷叶螟田间发生的影响。【拟解决的关键问题】探究彩色稻稻田中稻纵卷叶螟的发生规律以及彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟两种重要卵寄生性天敌选择性的影响,为相应的防治策略提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 供试水稻

水稻品种紫色稻（Z19）、黄色稻（H03）由浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所提供,常规稻对照品种为秀水519。3种水稻品种均播种于浙江省农业科学院实验农场的温室大棚中,移栽后30—45日龄的稻株用于试验。

1.2 供试昆虫

稻纵卷叶螟种群采自杭州萧山稻田,在室内于水稻上饲养1代后用于试验。稻螟赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂采自杭州萧山稻田中被寄生的二化螟卵和稻纵卷叶螟卵,在实验室培养获得。赤眼蜂种群用已灭活的米蛾（Corcyra cephalonica）卵在培养箱内（相对湿度（75±5）%,温度（28±1）℃）繁殖多代后用于试验。

1.3 彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟生物学特性的影响

以蘸水脱脂棉擦拭稻株的每张叶片,确保供试稻株叶片上没有稻纵卷叶螟卵。然后将供试稻丛罩入聚乙烯笼,接入产卵期稻纵卷叶螟2对,产卵24 h后,移出成虫,将稻纵卷叶螟在叶片上产的卵计数、标记。每天观察卵的变化,直至孵化。初孵幼虫移入养虫盒中,将洗净的同种水稻叶片下部用湿棉花包住铺在养虫盒底部,供稻纵卷叶螟幼虫取食。定期更换新鲜洗净的同种水稻叶片,每天观察记录幼虫存活、蜕皮情况,直至化蛹,称新鲜蛹重。然后将蛹移入培养皿,底部垫滤纸,并保持一定的湿度,直到虫蛹羽化。记录幼虫及蛹的历期、幼虫及蛹的存活率及成虫性比,每一重复初始虫量100头,重复3次。试验在温度（26±1）℃,相对湿度（75±5）%,光周期12L:12D的人工气候室中进行。

1.4 稻纵卷叶螟在彩色稻和常规稻间的产卵选择性

用湿脱脂棉将彩色稻和常规稻盆栽苗叶片擦拭干净,用于产卵选择性试验。试验1：稻纵卷叶螟在单种彩色稻和常规稻之间的产卵选择性。在一个养虫笼中放紫色稻（或黄色稻）和常规稻各2盆,十字交叉排列。接入5对产卵盛期的稻纵卷叶螟,在笼中放含10%的蔗糖液的脱脂棉球一个,产卵2 d后,拿出水稻,计数每盆水稻上的稻纵卷叶螟卵量;试验2：稻纵卷叶螟在紫色稻、黄色稻和常规稻之间的产卵选择性。养虫笼中放入紫色稻、黄色稻和常规稻各1盆,接入产卵盛期的稻纵卷叶螟8对,其他操作和步骤与试验1同。试验均在温度（26±1）℃,相对湿度（75±5）%,光周期12L:12D的人工气候室中进行,均重复10次。

1.5 彩色稻对天敌寄生选择性的影响

试验1：赤眼蜂对单种彩色稻和常规稻上稻纵卷叶螟卵之间的寄生选择性;试验2：赤眼蜂对紫色稻、黄色稻和常规稻3种水稻上稻纵卷叶螟卵之间的产卵选择性。先让稻纵卷叶螟在水稻上产卵,试验步骤同1.4,产卵结束后计数并标记稻叶上的稻纵卷叶螟卵,适当修剪叶片,使彩色稻和常规稻上的卵量接近,然后分别接入稻螟赤眼蜂或螟黄赤眼蜂雌雄各一头任其寄生稻纵卷叶螟卵,24 h后移去赤眼蜂。4 d后在双筒体视镜下检查叶片上稻纵卷叶螟卵的寄生率。各重复15次。试验条件为温度（26±1）℃,光周期12L:12D。

1.6 彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟田间发生的影响

试验于2017年进行,在浙江省安吉县天子湖镇高禹村种植紫色稻、黄色稻和常规稻（秀水519）各3个小区,按3×3拉丁方设计排列,各小区面积均约为430 m²,于6月10日统一直播,各水稻品种栽培及肥水管理一致。于稻纵卷叶螟田间发生盛期（8月7日）,调查稻田中的稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率和卷叶中的残虫率。对角线五点取样,每点调查10丛稻的叶片数和卷叶数,每点采集100张卷叶,剖查其中的稻纵卷叶螟活幼虫数。卷叶率（%）=（卷叶数/总叶数）×100;残虫率（%）=（幼虫数/卷叶数）×100。

1.7 彩色稻田间创意对稻纵卷叶螟田间发生的影响

试验于2017年在浙江省安吉县天子湖镇高禹村进行,以紫色稻在稻田中书写“美丽安吉”4个字（长、宽均为5 m）,常规的绿色稻品种为秀水519,栽培及肥水等日常管理按当地常规。于稻纵卷叶螟田间发生盛期（8月7日）,调查每个创意文字紫色稻上及距离创意文字5 m并与创意文字紫色稻相同面积（25 m²）的常规稻上稻纵卷叶螟的卷叶率,分别随机调查50丛稻的叶片数和卷叶数,计算卷叶率。均重复3次。

1.8 数据处理与统计

彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟生物学特性、田间发生影响的数据采用单因素方差分析（Tukey）;稻纵卷叶螟对水稻的产卵选择性和彩色稻对天敌寄生选择性的影响进行两个相关样本的非参数检验（Wilcoxon）或3个相关样本的非参数检验（Friedman）;彩色稻田间创意对稻纵卷叶螟田间发生的影响进行t测验分析。所有分析均采用DPS软件完成^[14]。

2 结果

2.1 彩色稻对稻螟卷叶螟生物学特性的影响

彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育产生了显著的影响,用紫色稻和黄色稻叶片饲养的稻纵卷叶螟幼虫存活率和蛹存活率均显著高于常规稻。取食紫色稻的稻纵卷叶螟蛹重显著低于黄色稻,但取食黄色稻和取食紫色稻的稻纵卷叶螟蛹重与常规稻无显著差异。彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟的发育历期和性比无显著影响（表1）。

Table 1
表1
表1彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟生物学特性的影响
Table 1Effect of colorful rice on life table parameters of C. medinalis

观察项目 Observing item	虫态 Insect stage	紫色稻 Purple rice	黄色稻 Yellow rice	常规稻 Common rice	单因素方差分析 One-way ANOVA
存活率 Survival rate (%)
	幼虫 Larval stage	34.2±1.3a	30.9±1.2a	26.8±1.1b	F=5.559, P=0.043
	蛹 Pupal stage	86.2±2.2a	83.4±1.8a	75.0±1.7b	F=23.25, P<0.001
发育历期 Developmental duration (d)
	幼虫 Larval stage	15.2±0.8a	15.4±0.9a	15.7±0.7a	F=0.276, P=0.768
	蛹 Pupal stage	5.9±0.2a	5.8±0.2a	6.1±0.3a	F=0.656, P=0.552
蛹重 Pupal weight (mg)		20.2±0.9b	22.8±1.2a	20.7±0.9ab	F=5.733, P=0.410
性比 Sex ratio (♀/♂)		1.2±0.1a	1.1±0.2a	1.0±0.2a	F=0.899, P=0.456

数据均为平均值±标准误。下同Data are mean±SE. The same as below
同行不同小写字母表示经Tukey单因素方差分析检验法检验在P<0.05水平差异显著 Different lowercases in the same row indicate significant difference at P<0.05 level by Tukey test

新窗口打开|下载CSV

2.2 稻纵卷叶螟在彩色稻和常规稻间的产卵选择性

稻纵卷叶螟在彩色稻和常规稻之间存在显著的产卵偏好,当稻纵卷叶螟对紫色稻和常规稻进行两两选择时,显著趋向于紫色稻（Z=-9.099,P<0.001）（图1-A）;当稻纵卷叶螟对黄色稻和常规稻进行两两选择时,显著趋向于黄色稻（Z=-9.111,P<0.001）（图1-B）;当稻纵卷叶螟对3种水稻同时进行选择时,在黄色稻上的产卵比例为44.0%,显著高于紫色稻的34.6%,而在常规稻上产卵比例为21.4%,显著低于2种彩色稻（χ²=30.00,P<0.001）（图1-C）。

图1

新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
图1彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟产卵选择性的影响

A、B图不同小写字母表示经2个相关样本的非参数检验（Wilcoxon）法检验在P<0.05水平差异显著;C图不同小写字母表示经3个相关样本的非参数检验（Friedman）法检验在P<0.05水平差异显著
Fig. 1Effect of colorful rice on oviposition selection of C. medinalis

Different lowercases in Fig. A and Fig. B indicate significant difference at P<0.05 level by non-parametric test (two-related-samples test). Different lowercases in Fig. C indicate significant difference at P<0.05 level by non-parametric test (three-related-samples test)

2.3 彩色稻对天敌寄生选择性的影响

紫色稻和常规稻之间,螟黄赤眼蜂显著偏好寄生紫色稻上稻纵卷叶螟的卵,而黄色稻和常规稻之间,螟黄赤眼蜂显著偏好寄生常规稻上稻纵卷叶螟的卵,但常规稻和彩色稻上的卵寄生率并无显著差异。同样,在3种水稻同时存在的情况下,紫色稻上被寄生的卵数量要显著高于黄色稻上的卵,与常规稻之间则无显著差异,各处理间的寄生率也无显著差异（表2）。

Table 2
表2
表2彩色稻对螟黄赤眼蜂选择寄生稻纵卷叶螟卵的影响
Table 2Effect of colorful rice on the selection of T. chilonis on C. medinalis eggs

水稻品种 Rice variety	稻纵卷叶螟总卵量 Total number of C. medinalis eggs	被寄生卵数量 The number of parasitized eggs	寄生率 Parasitic rate (%)
紫色稻 Purple rice	55.4±3.6a	29.4±1.9a	52.9±1.3a
常规稻 Common rice	49.4±2.6a	20.9±2.6b	42.8±5.8a
	t=1.430, P=0.226	t=3.188, P=0.033	t=1.708, P=0.163
黄色稻 Yellow rice	51.8±3.8a	14.5±1.3b	27.9±0.5a
常规稻 Common rice	51.0±2.7a	21.9±2.4a	43.3±6.5a
	t=0.117, P=0.913	t=2.961, P=0.042	t=2.369, P=0.077
紫色稻 Purple rice	51.2±2.9a	19.8±1.9a	38.9±4.3a
黄色稻 Yellow rice	46.7±4.9a	11.3±1.2b	25.3±5.5a
常规稻 Common rice	47.0±1.9a	16.8±1.4a	36.2±3.1a
	F=0.518, P=0.620	F=8.168, P=0.019	F=2.280, P=0.183

Different lowercases in the same column indicate significant difference at P<0.05 level by t test or Tukey test. The same as Table 3
同列不同小写字母表示经t测验法或Tukey单因素方差分析检验法检验在P<0.05水平差异显著。表3同

新窗口打开|下载CSV

在彩色稻和常规稻之间,稻螟赤眼蜂均显著偏好寄生常规稻上稻纵卷叶螟的卵,常规稻上稻纵卷叶螟卵的寄生率也显著高于彩色稻。在3种水稻同时存在的情况下,结果与两两比较时相似,常规稻上被寄生的卵量要显著高于紫色稻和黄色稻,同时紫色稻上被寄生的卵量显著低于黄色稻（表3）。

Table 3
表3
表3彩色稻对稻螟赤眼蜂选择寄生稻纵卷叶螟卵的影响
Table 3Effect of colorful rice on the selection of T. japonicum on C. medinalis eggs

水稻品种 Rice variety	稻纵卷叶螟总卵量 Total number of C. medinalis eggs	被寄生卵数量 The number of parasitized eggs	寄生率 Parasitic rate (%)
紫色稻 Purple rice	54.9±3.1a	4.4±1.3b	7.9±1.1b
常规稻 Common rice	48.0±3.3a	13.2±1.3a	27.3±1.5a
	t=1.491, P=0.210	t=4.970, P=0.008	t=10.604, P<0.001
黄色稻 Yellow rice	49.6±3.3a	8.1±2.2b	16.8±3.5b
常规稻 Common rice	43.9±2.8a	14.6±2.8a	33.8±5.4a
	t=0.132, P=0.257	t=3.078, P=0.037	t=2.674, P=0.046
紫色稻 Purple rice	47.6±5.1a	3.4±1.2c	7.1±1.0c
黄色稻 Yellow rice	52.4±5.3a	7.8±2.0b	14.9±1.9b
常规稻 Common rice	50.5±3.6a	15.5±1.6a	30.6±0.5a
	F=0.757, P=0.509	F=41.010, P<0.001	F=86.518, P<0.001

新窗口打开|下载CSV

2.4 彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟田间发生程度的影响

在大田情况下,彩色稻稻田的稻纵卷叶螟发生量要显著高于常规稻稻田,其中紫色稻的稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率为15.3%,显著高于黄色稻的5.1%和常规稻的1.4%（F=69.14,P<0.001）。紫色稻和黄色稻的稻纵卷叶螟残虫率分别为4.5%和3.3%,也要显著高于常规稻的1.1%（F=27.79,P=0.001）（图2）。

图2

新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
图2彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟田间发生的影响

图中不同小写字母表示经Tukey单因素方差分析检验法检验在P<0.05水平差异显著
Fig. 2Effect of colorful rice on occurrence of C. medinalis in the field

Different lowercases in the figure indicate significant difference at P<0.05 level by Tukey test

2.5 彩色稻田间创意对稻纵卷叶螟田间发生的影响

在使用紫色稻书写“美丽安吉”的稻田内,紫色稻上的稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率显著高于常规稻（图3）。其中“美”字的卷叶率为10.9%、“丽”字的卷叶率为9.6%、“安”字的卷叶率为10.1%、“吉”字的卷叶率为6.4%,均显著高于常规稻对照（美：t=9.61,P<0.001;丽：t=6.69,P<0.001;安：t=3.77,P=0.020; 吉：t=3.30,P=0.030）。

图3

新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
图3彩色稻田间创意对稻纵卷叶螟田间发生的影响

图中不同小写字母表示经t测验法检验在P<0.05水平差异显著
Fig. 3Effect of colorful rice used in creative agriculture on occurrence of C. medinalis in the field

Different lowercases in the figure indicate significant difference at P<0.05 level by t test

3 讨论

本研究表明,彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟的生物学特性产生了显著的影响,取食紫色稻和黄色稻的稻纵卷叶螟幼虫和蛹的存活率均显著高于常规稻,且稻纵卷叶螟对紫色稻和黄色稻也有着显著的产卵偏好。一般植食性昆虫定位和利用寄主植物主要通过物理特性和化学特性两个方面,植食性昆虫通过视觉、嗅觉、触觉、味觉等感觉器官,最终搜寻到寄主植物,达到取食或产卵的目的^[15,16,17]。而且植食性昆虫的产卵选择行为一般都有利于后代的存活和种群分布^[18]。视觉在多种昆虫的寄主寻找以及定位过程中发挥着重要作用,大部分昆虫都具有趋色性,且不同物种对颜色的趋性各不相同^[19,20]。如在棉田中,绿盲蝽（Apolygus lucorum）趋向黄色粘板而中黑盲蝽（Adelphocoris suturalis）趋向绿色粘板^[21];香蕉花蓟马（Thrips hamaiiensis）对黄色最敏感,其次为粉色、蓝色和青色^[22];而紫色对直纹稻弄蝶（Parnara guttata）的诱集效果最好,蓝色次之^[23]。植食性昆虫在寄主植物上产卵选择行为主要通过寄主定位、产卵部位定位等过程来完成,部分昆虫通过触角及唇须复合体触探检验植物表面,从而接受寄主植物并产卵或拒绝植物而离开^[24]。本研究结果显示,在彩色稻和常规水稻之间,稻纵卷叶螟显著偏向在彩色稻上产卵。今后彩色稻也许可作为稻田系统中的诱集植物加以利用,充分发挥其在稻田系统中的生物防治作用。彩色稻对稻纵卷叶螟的具体引诱机制有待进一步研究。

稻纵卷叶螟在紫色稻和黄色稻上的生长发育均显著好于常规的对照水稻,幼虫期和蛹期的存活率都显著高于对照。造成该现象的原因可能与水稻品种的形态特征和营养成分有关。据报道水稻叶片的蜡质和表面硅含量与稻纵卷叶螟的生态适应性密切相关^[25]。而除物理抗性外,一些生理生化指标如氨基酸含量、保护酶活性也是影响其适应性的关键因素^[25,26]。此外,水稻叶片的氮素含量影响稻纵卷叶螟幼虫消化食物的转化率,含硅量则影响幼虫取食行为,进而对其生长、发育和繁殖产生影响^[27]。据笔者观察,紫色稻的叶片厚而宽,黄色稻的叶片薄而软,利于稻纵卷叶螟卷叶,而对照稻叶片窄而硬,不利于稻纵卷叶螟卷叶。本研究只对稻纵卷叶螟做了一个世代的研究,也许连续多个世代在彩色稻上取食后,相对于常规水稻,稻纵卷叶螟的种群数量会显著增加,且发生动态也会相应改变,最终结果有待深入研究及田间验证。另外,彩色稻是通过何种生理生化指标影响稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育,也需进一步研究。

稻纵卷叶螟的卵寄生蜂稻螟赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂对彩色稻的趋性与稻纵卷叶螟并不一致。螟黄赤眼蜂对不同寄主植物的寄生偏好差异不明显;而稻螟赤眼蜂趋向常规的绿叶稻,排斥黄色稻和紫色稻。对螟黄赤眼蜂的研究结果与前人报道并不一致,汪庚伟等^[11]报道螟黄赤眼蜂雌蜂趋向选择高亮度、偏绿色和偏黄色的颜色。但对稻螟赤眼蜂的研究结果与ROMEIS等^[28]报道的田间赤眼蜂雌蜂对颜色的选择相符,相对于黄色,稻螟赤眼蜂趋向于绿色。这说明彩色稻对不同寄生蜂行为趋性的影响是有差异的。实际田间发生动态中,稻螟赤眼蜂是稻田中的优势种,相对于螟黄赤眼蜂更普遍,种群数量更大;放蜂试验效果也表明,稻螟赤眼蜂为控制水稻田螟虫的优势蜂种,效果优于螟黄赤眼蜂^[29]。也有室内试验表明,同时接入这两种赤眼蜂时,蜂种间存在一定的竞争作用,且对稻螟赤眼蜂的生长发育有抑制作用^[30],但在田间开放系统中,是否有相同的结果有待验证。在本研究中,稻螟赤眼蜂对彩色稻的排斥行为更值得关注,这也许是彩色稻稻田中稻纵卷叶螟发生比常规稻发生更严重的原因之一。在实际的应用中可以考虑混合释放多种不同的寄生蜂来防控彩色稻稻田中的螟虫。

大田的研究结果表明,彩色稻上的稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率显著高于常规稻,且残虫率也高于常规稻,这与室内结果相一致,即稻纵卷叶螟趋向彩色稻产卵且在彩色稻上的存活率高于常规稻。

4 结论

供试的紫色稻和黄色稻相对于常规水稻更易受稻纵卷叶螟危害,取食紫色稻和黄色稻的稻纵卷叶螟幼虫和蛹的存活率均显著高于常规稻,而稻螟赤眼蜂趋向寄生常规稻上的稻纵卷叶螟卵,排斥黄色稻和紫色稻。在利用彩色稻进行创意农业稻田彩绘时应注意彩色稻的害虫防治,及时对其进行定点防治。

（责任编辑岳梅）

参考文献原文顺序
文献年度倒序
文中引用次数倒序
被引期刊影响因子

[1]

ZHOU X

, SHEN S

, WU D

, SUN J

, SHU Q

. Introduction of a xantha mutation for testing and increasing varietal purity in hybrid rice
Field Crops Research, 2006,96(1):71-79.

DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2005.05.008 URL [本文引用: 1]

A xantha mutant (yellow plant) was induced by gamma rays irradiation of a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) maintainer line II32 B of rice ( Oryza sativa L.). It was identified earlier as a low gelatinization temperature mutant and named as Mgt-1. Through a series of backcrosses of Mgt-1 to CMS line II32 A, a new CMS line was developed and named as Huangyu A (B). Genetic analysis showed that the xantha mutation was controlled by a single recessive locus, and all F 1 plants from crosses of Huangyu A (B) with other normal green varieties showed normal green leaves. The xantha mutation resulted in reduction of photosynthetic pigments content at various levels, e.g., 48% of chlorophyll a (Chl a), 71% of chlorophyll b (Chl b), and 30% of carotenoids (Car), and consequently increased the ratios of Chl a/Chl b and Car/Chl in Huangyu A (B) against II32 A (B). Unexpectedly, Huangyu A (B) had higher photosynthetic rates in comparison with II32 A (B), and so did the F 1 plants of Huangyu A/R3027 as against those of II32 A/R3027. Huangyu A had similar male sterility completeness and stability as II32 A, but the former showed significantly better combining ability than the latter. The yellow color made the seedlings and plants of Huangyu A (B) visually distinguishable from the green ones and thus it was a very distinct marker applicable for rapid testing and efficient increasing varietal purity in seed and paddy production of hybrid rice.

[2]

沈圣泉, 周祥胜, 吴殿星, 舒小丽, 叶红霞, 舒庆尧 . 水稻黄叶标记不育系的诱变选育及其应用
核农学报, 2007,21(2):107-110.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8551.2007.02.001 URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

用300Gyγ射线辐照Ⅱ-32B干种子,在诱变后代筛选到全生育期黄叶突变体WYB,经多代连续回交转育,育成黄叶标记不育系黄玉A(B),并通过了浙江省科技成果鉴定。经考察,1.黄玉A(B)叶色为明显黄色,对生育进程也有显著影响,表现为植株较矮,稻穗较小,粒重较轻,单株产量较低等;2.遗传分析表明,该黄叶突变性状受一对隐性突变基因控制,且表达稳定,不易受环境影响;3.黄玉A的叶色突变对所配杂种无不良影响,表现为配合力强,所配组合“黄优C23”在金华市区试中产量位居首位,显示出良好的应用前景;4.应用该黄叶标记进行苗期纯度鉴定,不但方法简便、快速,其结果也与常用的国标法(GB/T3543.5-1995)鉴定结果相吻合。

SHEN S

, ZHOU X

, WU D

, SHU X

, YE H

, SHU Q

. The breeding of a rice xantha leaf marker CMS line by Gamma rays mutation
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2007,21(2):107-110. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8551.2007.02.001 URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

牟同敏, 李春海, 杨国才, 卢兴桂 . 紫色水稻苗期叶色的遗传研究
中国水稻科学, 1995,9(1):45-48.

URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

and F showed purple color and no separations were found, inferring that the two kinds of purple rice plant may have a same genotype. The two kinds of purple rice plant were crossed with 22 normal green color rice varieties, the Fs were all green color. Investigations on the leaf color in seedling stage were conducted in 14 crosses. Fs from the crosses between W9056S, W8013S and PL184 had ratios of 3:1 for green:purple, indicating one pair of genes differences between them. The ratios of green:purple in Fs from the crosses between Shuangguang S, Zhenshan 97A, Mi'ai 64 S, Petai 64S, Yuetai A, W91273S and PL184 were 13:3, indicating the differences between them are based on two pairs of genes with one s were accorded with the model of 55:9, indicating the differences between them are based on 3 pair of genes with one inhibitory gene. F from the cross HN5S/PL184 had a ratio of 229:27 for green:purple, making known the difference between them is based on 4 pairs of genes with one inhibitory gene. In the backcross Zhenshan 97A/PL184 PL184 and HN5S/PL184 PL184, the ratios of green:purple were 1:1. However, the ratio of green:purple in triple cross F of Shuangguang S W9056S/PL184 was 113:15, indicating the inhibitory genes in W9056S and Shuangguang S are non-allelic. To sum up, the expression of purple leaf color in OPL and PL184 is probably controlled by 3 pairs of basic genes and 2 pairs of inhibitory genes. It is possible for combining the purple leaf color and PGMS or TGMS or CMS.

MU T

, LI C

, YANG G

, LU X

. Genetical studies on seedling leaf color in purple rice
Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 1995,9(1):45-48. (in Chinese)

URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

曹立勇, 钱前, 朱旭东, 曾大力, 闵绍楷, 熊振民 . 紫叶标记籼型光-温敏核不育系中紫S的选育及其配组的杂种优势
作物学报, 1999,25(1):44-49.

URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

带标记的光一温敏核不育系在制种后对其F1能籍标记性状在苗期检出假杂种，减少在生产应用中的风险。本研究采用中国水稻研究所保存的一份带紫叶标记的釉型紫叶稻(CN-pl>和湖北省农科院粮作所育成的温敏核不育系W6154S杂交，在F2代选择紫叶稻回交一次后，以系谱法逐代选择而育成了带紫叶标记的光一温敏核不育系一中紫S0在杭州(

CAO L

, QIAN

, ZHU X

, ZHEN D

, MIN S

, XIONG Z

. Breeding of a photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile indica rice Zhongzi S with a purple-leaf marker and the hoterosis of its hybrid rice produced with it
Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1999,25(1):44-49. (in Chinese)

URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

吴理财, 吴孔凡 . 美丽乡村建设四种模式及比较——基于安吉、永嘉、高淳、江宁四地的调查
华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2014,33(1):15-22.

URL [本文引用: 1]

WU L

, WU K

. Four patterns of beautiful rural construction and their comparison——A case study in Anji,Yongjia,Gaochun and Jiangning
Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2014,33(1):15-22. (in Chinese)

URL [本文引用: 1]

[6]

胡豹, 杨良山, 王丽娟, 章伟江 . 浙江创意农业的实践模式、发展思路与战略对策
浙江农业学报, 2013,25(6):1410-1416.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2013.06.43 URL [本文引用: 1]

通过界定创意农业的科学内涵和典型特征，研究提炼了创意农业发展的产业“接二连三进四”模式、农产品生产布局创意模式、农业与自然景观结合模式、农产品后续加工创意模式、农业文化发掘与博览模式、现代农业综合体模式等典型实践模式，阐述了发展创意农业应注重：强化创意农业新领域开发、加快创意农业新技术研发、推进创意农业新产业培育、加强创意农业新文化发掘、推进创意农业新平台搭建、促进创意农业新源泉涌出，提出了把创意农业作为农业战略性新兴产业加以培育等对策。

, YANG L

, WANG L

, ZHANG W

. Practice modes, development strategy and countermeasures of creative agriculture in Zhejiang province
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2013,25(6):1410-1416. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2013.06.43 URL [本文引用: 1]

富昊伟, 李友发, 陆强, 吴殿星, 舒庆尧 . 水稻叶色突变对虫害发生影响的研究初报
核农学报, 2009,23(6):911-916.

URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

为明确叶色标记水稻在生产中可能引起的虫害发生的变化，本试验在使用和不使用农药防治的情况下，以常规品种嘉禾218为对照，对龙特甫B及其2个叶色突变系黄玉B、翠玉B田间虫害情况进行了调查。龙特甫B为正常绿叶籼稻品种，黄玉B、翠玉B全生育期分别表现黄色和翠绿色，在苗期、分蘖期和抽穗期，黄玉B较龙特甫B的叶绿素含量分别下降58.0%, 48.4%和40.8%，翠玉B则分别下降39.5%，36.0%和29.5%。结果表明，秧田期2个叶色突变体上的稻蓟马虫量显著高于其亲本龙特甫B；本田中灰飞虱和褐飞虱的虫口数在不同材料间或差异不显著，或存在显著差异，但没有一定的规律性。但是，2个突变体受稻纵卷叶螟的危害显著轻于龙特甫B，表现为盛发期突变体受稻纵卷叶螟危害产生的虫苞数显著少于龙特甫B，而龙特甫B与嘉禾218之间没有显著差异；相反，2个突变体植株上白背飞虱的虫量显著大于龙特甫B，龙特甫B也显著大于嘉禾218。根据植株的农艺性状和叶绿素含量，以及虫害发生动态变化，笔者推测，造成叶色标记水稻稻纵卷叶螟危害变轻的原因可能与植株叶绿素含量下降，影响幼虫生长发育有关，但引起白背飞虱虫口增加的原因尚需进一步研究。本试验为首次对叶色标记水稻虫害发生情况进行研究，所得结果不但对完善叶色标记水稻生产体系具有指导意义，同时对研究害虫与水稻叶色之间的关系也具有理论价值。

FU H

, LI Y

, LU

, WU D

, SHU Q

. A preliminary study on the effect of leaf color mutants on insect pest occurrence in rice
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2009,23(6):911-916. (in Chinese)

URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

李霞, 徐秀秀, 韩兰芝, 王沫, 侯茂林 . 不同水稻品种对稻纵卷叶螟生长发育、存活、生殖及飞行能力的影响
生态学报, 2013,33(14):4370-4376.

DOI:10.5846/stxb201204130529 URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

系统研究了稻纵卷叶螟在6种不同水稻品种(常规粳稻武育粳3号,杂交粳稻宁粳1号,常规籼稻TN1,杂交籼稻汕优63,超级杂交籼稻两优培九,超级杂交籼粳稻甬优9号)上取食后的发育历期、存活率、卵巢发育进度、繁殖力和飞行能力。结果表明,武育粳3号和宁粳1号能显著延长稻纵卷叶螟未成熟期的发育历期,降低其存活率,延缓卵巢发育进度,降低成虫繁殖率,并提高成虫的飞行能力;不同水稻品种间的影响存在显著差异,其影响从大到小排列为杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>常规籼稻>杂交籼稻>超级杂交稻。这说明,幼虫期营养对稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育、存活、生殖和飞行能力具有显著影响。

, XU X

, HAN L

, WANG

, HOU M

. Effects of different rice varieties on larval development, survival, adult reproduction, and flight capacity of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée).
Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013,33(14):4370-4376. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.5846/stxb201204130529 URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

郑许松, 徐红星, 俞晓平, 吕仲贤, 陈建明, 陶林勇 . 缨小蜂对颜色的选择性和粘卡技术的应用研究
华东昆虫学报, 2001,10(2):96-100.

URL [本文引用: 1]

本文比较了7种颜色的粘卡，在茭白田中对飞虱天敌缨小蜂（Anagrus spp.）的诱捕能力，结果表明，黄色粘卡对缨小蜂的诱捕量显著高于其它颜色的粘卡。缨小蜂对颜色的嗜好顺序为黄色＞蓝色＞蓝绿色＞绿色＞白色＞红色＞黑色。黄色粘卡在离地面40cm、70cm、100cm、130cm和160cm5个高度上，以70cm和100cm高度捕获的缨小蜂最多。黄色粘卡对缨小蜂的诱捕量在东、南、西、北四个方向差异不显著。一天中的不同时间段里，黄色粘卡所诱捕到的缨小蜂量以上午6：00至9：00最多。

ZHENG X

, XU H

, YU X

, Lü Z

, CHEN J

, TAO L

. Color preference of Anagrus spp. and application of sticky traps.
Entomological Journal of East China, 2001,10(2):96-100. (in Chinese)

URL [本文引用: 1]

李佳, 高宇, 崔娟, 齐灵子, 史树森 . 大豆田昆虫对不同颜色趋向选择的差异性分析
大豆科学, 2015,34(2):289-292.

[本文引用: 1]

, GAO

, CUI

, QI L

, SHI S

. Tendency to different colors by insects in soybean fields
Soybean Science, 2015,34(2):289-292. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[11]

汪庚伟, 田俊策, 朱平阳, 郑许松, 徐红星, 杨亚军, 臧连生, 吕仲贤 . 螟黄赤眼蜂雌成虫对不同颜色瓜叶菊花的选择性
中国生物防治学报, 2015,31(4):473-480.

DOI:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2015.04.005 URL Magsci [本文引用: 3]

本文研究了螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis雌蜂在正常光照和黑暗条件下,对不同颜色瓜叶菊Senecio cruentus花的选择趋性以及不同颜色彩纸对螟黄赤眼蜂寄生能力等的影响,以明确螟黄赤眼蜂对颜色的趋性。结果表明,在正常光照条件下,白色的瓜叶菊花比粉红色、蓝色和紫红色的花更能吸引螟黄赤眼蜂雌蜂,彩纸处理试验结果也基本显示相似。但在黑暗条件下,螟黄赤眼蜂则无明显趋性。通过对选择率和颜色参数的相关性拟合表明螟黄赤眼蜂趋向于亮度高(白色和粉红色)的颜色。因此,在筛选合适的蜜源植物提高天敌控害能力时,花的颜色也应是一项重要的考查指标。

WANG G

, TIAN J

, ZHU P

, ZHENG X

, XU H

, YANG Y

, ZANG L

, Lü Z

. Preference of Trichogramma chilonis females for different colored flowers of Senecio cruentus.
Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2015,31(4):473-480. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2015.04.005 URL Magsci [本文引用: 3]

郭荣, 韩梅, 束放 . 减少稻田用药的病虫害绿色防控策略与措施
中国植保导刊, 2013,33(10):38-41.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6820.2013.10.007 URL [本文引用: 1]

在对传统的水稻病虫害防治策略以及主要防治对象、防治环节、用药理念及品种构成进行反思的基础上,提出了从防控目标、预防为主、放宽防治指标和慎重选择农药品种等方面建立水稻病虫害的绿色防控策略,并应用螟虫和稻纵卷叶螟种群控制技术、生态工程和生物多样性技术、防虫网和无纺布阻隔育秧技术、稻鸭共育技术、微生物农药防病技术等非化学防治技术措施,有效替代和减少稻田化学农药,实现水稻病虫害的可持续治理。

GUO

, HAN

, SHU

. Pest green control strategies and measures of reducing chemical application in paddy field
China Plant Protection, 2013,33(10):38-41. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6820.2013.10.007 URL [本文引用: 1]

TIAN J

, WANG Z

, WANG G

, ZHONG L

, ZHENG X

, XU H

, ZANG L

, LU Z

. The effects of temperature and host age on the fecundity of four Trichogramma species, egg parasitoids of the Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2017,110(3):949-953.

[本文引用: 1]

[14]

TANG Q

, ZHANG

C X

. Data Processing System(DPS) software with experimental design, statistical analysis and data mining developed for use in entomological research
Insect Science, 2013,20(2):254-260.

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.2012.01519.x URLPMID:2395586523955865 [本文引用: 1]

Abstract A comprehensive but simple-to-use software package called DPS (Data Processing System) has been developed to execute a range of standard numerical analyses and operations used in experimental design, statistics and data mining. This program runs on standard Windows computers. Many of the functions are specific to entomological and other biological research and are not found in standard statistical software. This paper presents applications of DPS to experimental design, statistical analysis and data mining in entomology.

[15]

吕建华, 刘树生 . 诱虫作物在害虫治理中的应用
植物保护, 2008,34(2):1-6.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2008.02.001 URL [本文引用: 1]

诱虫作物主要从物理特性和化学特性两个方面形成比主栽作物更强的引诱力,使主栽作物得以保护。诱虫作物在生产中主要用来诱集害虫、给天敌提供避难和繁殖场所,其作用效果与诱虫作物的品种、播期和田间管理、害虫行为、对天敌的调控、与其他害虫防治方法的有机配合等有重要关系。采用引诱-排斥多策略相结合的方法,研究利用对害虫同时具有诱集和杀灭作用的植物作为诱虫作物,将大大增强诱虫作物在害虫治理中应用的可行性。

Lü J

, LIU S

. Advances in application of trap cropping to IPM
Plant Protection, 2008,34(2):1-6. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2008.02.001 URL [本文引用: 1]

ALLISION J

, BORDEN J

, SEYBOLD S

. A review of the chemical ecology of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)
Chemoecology, 2004,14(3/4):123-150.

DOI:10.1007/s00049-004-0277-1 URL [本文引用: 1]

This review summarizes the literature related to the chemical ecology of the Cerambycidae and provides a brief overview of cerambycid biology, ecology, economic significance, and management. Beetles in the family Cerambycidae have assumed increasing prominence as pests of forest and shade trees, shrubs, and raw wood products, and as vectors of tree diseases. Exotic species associated with solid wood packing materials have been notable tree killers in North American urban and peri-urban forests. In forested ecosystems native species respond to disturbances such as fires and windstorms, and initiate the biodeterioration of woody tissue. Eggs are laid by females, on or through the bark surface of stem and branch tissue of moribund, recently killed or decomposing woody plants; larval cerambycids (roundheaded woodborers) typically feed in the phloem and later in the xylem. Females will also, in some cases, select living hosts, e.g. adult conifer and angiosperm trees, for oviposition. Research on the chemical ecology of over 70 species has revealed many examples of attractive kairomones (such as floral volatiles, smoke volatiles, trunk and leaf volatiles, and bark beetle pheromones), repellents and deterrents, oviposition stimulants, short- and long-range sex pheromones, and defensive substances. Emerging generalities are that attractants tend to be monoterpenoids and phenolic esters; oviposition stimulants are monoterpenoids and flavanoids; short-range sex pheromones are female-produced, methyl-branched cuticular hydrocarbons; and long-range sex pheromones are male-produced -hydroxy ketones and (伪,尾)-diols ranging in length from 6 to 10 carbons. The latter compounds appear to originate from glands in the male thorax; putative defensive substances originate from metasternal secretory pores or mandibular glands. In one unusual case, a flightless, subterranean female that attacks sugar cane produces a sex pheromone that is derived from the amino acid isoleucine. With significantly more than 35,000 species of Cerambycidae worldwide, these generalities will be subject to change as more species are examined.

[17]

董子舒, 张玉静, 段云博, 郑霞林, 陆温 . 植食性昆虫产卵寄主选择影响因素及机制的研究进展
南方农业学报, 2017,48(5):837-843.

[本文引用: 1]

DONG Z

, ZHANG Y

, DUAN Y

, ZHENG X

, LU

. Influencing factors and selection mechanisms of phytophagous insects for oviposition host plants
Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2017,48(5):837-843. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[18]

ASMAN

, EKBOM

, RAMERT

. Effect of intercropping on oviposition and emigration behavior of the leek moth (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) and the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Environmental Entomology, 2001,30(2):288-294.

DOI:10.1603/0046-225X-30.2.288 URL [本文引用: 1]

We compared the effect of intercropping on oviposition and emigration behavior of two related specialist moth species. The effect of height of the intercrop species (red clover) on oviposition was studied in field cages, using the leek moth, a specialist on Allium species, and the diamondback moth, a specialist an Brassica species. The moths were also evaluated in an open field experiment. Emigration of both moths was studied in the laboratory and in the field in cages with host plants, red clover (nonhost), host plant and red clover, and bare soil. The possible influence of noncontact stimuli was also studied in the laboratory. The leek moth laid the same amount of eggs in monoculture as in intercroppings with high and low clover. white cabbage intercropped with high clover received fewer eggs of the diamondback moth compared with a cabbage monoculture. Intercropping with low clover did not reduce the amount of eggs laid. Intercropping did not appear. to affect the emigration of either the leek moth or the diamondback moth, Leek moths were less likely to emigrate than diamondback moths during the first 4 h of the study. We conclude that diamondback moth may be more likely to be controlled by intercropping than leek moths.

[19]

BRISCOE A

, CHITTKA

. The evolution of color vision in insects
Annual Review of Entomology, 2001,46:471-510.

DOI:10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.471 URL [本文引用: 1]

[20]

刘军和, 赵紫华 . 昆虫视觉在寄主寻找及定位过程中的作用
植物保护学报, 2017,44(3):353-362.

[本文引用: 1]

LIU J

, ZHAO Z

. Roles of insect vision in host plant finding and locating
Journal of Plant Protection, 2017,44(3):353-362. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[21]

宋海燕, 李丽莉, 王凤月, 门兴元 . 不同颜色粘虫板对棉田绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽和赤须盲蝽的诱集效果
植物保护学报, 2016,43(5):713-721.

DOI:10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2016.05.002 URL [本文引用: 1]

为掌握不同颜色粘虫板对绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽和赤须盲蝽的诱集效果,于2010和2011年的6—10月,用青色、绿色、蓝色、黄色、白色5种颜色粘虫板在山东省棉田内进行诱集试验。结果表明,各粘虫板全年监测中都是6月诱集棉盲蝽数量最多,10月最少,且绿盲蝽的种群数量显著高于中黑盲蝽和赤须盲蝽。不同年份、月份、田块,不同颜色粘虫板的诱集效果不一致,2010年田块1中的绿色、青色和绿色粘虫板诱集的绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽和赤须盲蝽最多,分别为91.0、2.6、5.8头/板,2011年田块2中的黄色、青色粘虫板诱集的绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽最多,分别为263.0、3.2头/板,田块1中的白色粘虫板诱集赤须盲蝽最多,为12.4头/板。多因素方差分析结果显示,年份、月份、田块、粘虫板颜色对绿盲蝽和赤须盲蝽的诱集量有显著影响,月份和粘虫板颜色对中黑盲蝽的诱集量有显著影响。通过对2年5块棉田的诱捕效果综合排序,黄色粘虫板诱集绿盲蝽效果相对最好;绿色粘虫板诱集赤须盲蝽效果相对最好;5种颜色粘虫板诱集中黑盲蝽的效果差异不显著。

SONG H

, LI L

, WANG F

, MEN X

. Trapping effects of different colored sticky cards to mirids Apolygus lucorum, Adelphocoris suturalis and Trigonotylus ruficonis in cotton fields.
Journal of Plant Protection, 2016,43(5):713-721. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2016.05.002 URL [本文引用: 1]

黄鹏, 陈汉鑫, 姚锦爱, 余德亿 . 香蕉花蓟马对不同颜色的敏感性及色板田间悬挂组合选择
中国农学通报, 2016,32(1):141-145.

DOI:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080094 URL [本文引用: 1]

为明确香蕉花蓟马对不同颜色的敏感性及色板的田间悬挂组合,以香蕉种植基地为试验点,分别比较香蕉花蓟马对10种基本色和8种同类色的敏感性差异,测定颜色、悬挂高度和悬挂方式3者对香蕉花蓟马的互作效应。结果表明：10种基本色中,香蕉花蓟马对黄色最敏感,其次为粉色、蓝色和青色,对其他6种颜色的敏感性较弱；8种同类色中,香蕉花蓟马对橙黄最敏感,其次为香蕉黄、镉黄和纯黄,对其他4种黄色的敏感性较弱。颜色、悬挂高度和悬挂方式均显著影响粘虫色板对香蕉花蓟马成虫的诱集效果,3者间互作效应显著；4种敏感黄色粘虫板,香蕉黄、橙黄和纯黄的悬挂高度均以粘虫板底端与花蕾肩部平齐为宜,镉黄的悬挂高度以粘虫板底端高出花蕾肩部20 cm为宜,悬挂方式均以粘虫板长边为底端为宜,这4种组合以橙黄粘虫板组合对香蕉花蓟马的田间诱集效果最好。

HUANG

, CHEN H

, YAO J

, YU D

. Sensibility of Thrips hamaiiensis to different colors and hanging groups screening of sticky cards in the field.
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2016,32(1):141-145. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080094 URL [本文引用: 1]

蒋月丽, 武予清, 段云, 魏永平 . 不同颜色诱捕器对直纹稻弄蝶的诱集效果
河南农业科学, 2009,38(12):86-87.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-3268.2009.12.026 URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

通过田间试验，比较了紫、蓝、黄、绿等6种不同颜色诱捕器对直纹稻弄蝶的诱集效果。结果表明：紫色诱集效果最好，达到了（26．333±2．028）头／盆，其次是蓝色，为（12．000±1．528）头／盆，均显著高于其他颜色。

JIANG Y

, WU Y

, DUAN

, WEI Y

. The effect of coloration on trapping Parnara guttata in field.
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2009,38(12):86-87. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-3268.2009.12.026 URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

通过田间试验，比较了紫、蓝、黄、绿等6种不同颜色诱捕器对直纹稻弄蝶的诱集效果。结果表明：紫色诱集效果最好，达到了（26．333±2．028）头／盆，其次是蓝色，为（12．000±1．528）头／盆，均显著高于其他颜色。

[24]

SCHOONHOVEN L

, JERMY

, VAN LOON

J J A

. Insect-Plant Biology: From Physiology to Evolution.
London: Chap-man and Hall, 1998: 241-242.

[本文引用: 1]

[25]

王亓翔, 许路, 吴进才 . 水稻品种对稻纵卷叶螟抗性的物理及生化机制
昆虫学报, 2008,51(12):1265-1270.

DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0454-6296.2008.12.006 URL Magsci [本文引用: 2]

稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis连年大发生，为在其治理中培育和推广抗虫品种，本文应用扫描电镜和生化测定研究了5个常用水稻栽培品种扬辐粳8号、扬稻6号、扬粳9538、淮稻9号和宁梗1号叶片中的硅含量、硅颗粒大小、蜡质含量等物理指标和一些生化指标与抗虫性的关系，并比较了稻纵卷叶螟幼虫危害不同水稻品种后其体内生化反应的差异。结果表明抗虫品种宁梗1号、淮稻9号叶片表面的硅含量显著高于感虫品种，硅颗粒大小在品种间无显著差异。宁粳1号叶片蜡质含量显著高于其他品种。由此表明叶片表面硅和蜡质含量与抗性有关。稻纵卷叶螟幼虫取食后，抗虫品种体内的过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性显著高于感虫品种，但丙二醛(MDA)含量低于感虫品种。稻纵卷叶螟幼虫取食不同品种后，其体内一些酶的活性明显不同，取食抗虫品种的幼虫体内POD和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性显著高于取食其他品种的幼虫，SOD活性显著低于取食感虫品种的幼虫， 表明抗虫品种对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫有毒害作用。

WANG Q

, XU

, WU J

. Physical and biochemical mechanisms of resistance of different rice varieties to the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2008,51(12):1265-1270. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0454-6296.2008.12.006 URL Magsci [本文引用: 2]

许璐, 王芳, 吴进才, 王亓翔 . 稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Gǜenée))在水稻品种上的半自然种群生命表参数及对植株含糖量的影响
生态学报, 2007,27(11):4547-4554.

DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2007.11.021 URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

在排除天敌情况下，用生命表方法比较了稻纵卷叶螟在5个常用栽培水稻品种扬粳9538、淮稻9号、扬辐粳8号、扬稻6号和汕优63上的半自然种群生命表。结果表明，取食淮稻9号的稻纵卷叶螟种群趋势指数最低，表现为较强的抗耐性；扬辐粳8号的稻纵卷叶螟种群趋势指数最高；各品种间稻纵卷叶螟不同虫期的存活率、♀/♂、蛹重、产卵量、卷叶率有一定差异；稻纵卷叶螟为害后，植株内可溶性糖含量品种间无明显差异，但不同品种与对照(未接虫)相比含量有增有减；还原糖含量品种间差异显著。

, WANG

, WU J

, WANG Q

. Life-table parameters of a semi-natural population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Güenée) on different rice varieties and changes in sugar content in rice plants after insect infestation.
Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007,27(11):4547-4554. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2007.11.021 URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

但建国, 陈常铭 . 食料条件对稻纵卷叶螟生长发育和繁殖的影响
植物保护学报, 1990,17(3):193-199.

URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

DAN J

, CHEN C

. The effects of feeding condition on the growth, development, and reproduction of rice leaf roller
Journal of Plant Protection, 1990,17(3):193-199. (in Chinese)

URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

[28]

ROMEIS

, SHANOWER T

, ZEBITZ

C P W

. Response of Trichogramma egg parasitoids to colored sticky traps.
BioControl, 1998,43(1):17-27.

DOI:10.1023/A:1009905722193 URL [本文引用: 1]

The response of Trichogramma spp. egg parasitoids to colored sticky traps was evaluated in the field during two seasons (1995/1996, 1996/1997). Traps consisted of a glass tube coated with Bird-Tanglefoot庐 into which colored paper was inserted or clear traps without paper. Colors tested were white, green, blue, yellow and red in the first season and white, green, yellow and black in the second season. The proportion of both female and male parasitoids caught on the sticky traps was significantly different among colors, indicating that the parasitoids actively move between plants and are not solely carried along passively by wind. White was the color most preferred by female parasitoids, followed by clear and green traps. Yellow was preferred over black but was less attractive than green. Visual cues may be used by Trichogramma spp. during the habitat location process. The color preference of male Trichogramma spp. differed significantly from females with yellow and green being more attractive than white. For all colors, more female Trichogramma spp. were caught on the sticky traps (>85% of all wasps caught), indicating a lower activity level and/or shorter lifespan for males. The use of white cylindrical sticky traps for monitoring Trichogramma spp. populations in the field is recommended.

[29]

李姝, 郑和斌, 陈立玲, 陈俸, 郭荣, 王彬, 张帆 . 三种赤眼蜂对水稻二化螟田间控害效果比较
中国生物防治学报, 2018,34(3):336-341.

URL [本文引用: 1]

为大面积推广应用赤眼蜂防治水稻二化螟提供技术依据,选择目前易于大批量人工繁殖的3种赤眼蜂:松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura、螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis Ishii和稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead,分别在南方产区湖南和北方产区吉林两地进行了其对田间水稻二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)卵的寄生率和防治效果的试验调查,并分析比较不同赤眼蜂种间的控害能力。结果表明,在南北水稻产区,供试的3种赤眼蜂对二化螟卵的田间寄生率及控害效果的变化趋势相同,从高至低依次为稻螟赤眼蜂、螟黄赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂。稻螟赤眼蜂明显优于螟黄赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂,表明稻螟赤眼蜂为控制水稻田二化螟的优势蜂种。

, ZHENG H

, CHEN L

, CHEN

, GUO

, WANG

, ZHANG

. Comparisons of three Trichogramma species for controlling Chilo suppressalis in paddy field.
Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2018,34(3):336-341. (in Chinese)

URL [本文引用: 1]

杜文梅, 林英, 臧连生, 张晨, 刘显娇, 阮长春 . 稻螟赤眼蜂与二种赤眼蜂对水稻二化螟卵寄生竞争作用
环境昆虫学报, 2016,38(3):488-493.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2016.03.6 URL [本文引用: 1]

稻螟赤眼蜂是我国水稻二化螟的优势卵寄生蜂,本文在室内条件下,初步研究了稻螟赤眼蜂分别与松毛虫赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂在水稻二化螟卵上的种间竞争作用。结果表明,同时接入稻螟赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂时,寄生水稻二化螟卵（40.2粒）及子代雌蜂总数（32.0头）最多,且松毛虫赤眼蜂平均寄生二化螟卵的数量（26.5粒）明显高于单独接蜂的平均寄生的数量,后代雌蜂比率（76.3%）明显低于单独接蜂时的雌蜂比率,发育历期（10.7 d）明显长于接入同种时的发育历期。而稻螟赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂共存时,螟黄赤眼蜂平均寄生二化螟卵的数量（10.3粒）、后代雌蜂比率（75.3%）以及发育历期（8.0 d）与单独接蜂时相似;同样,当稻螟赤眼蜂与松毛虫赤眼蜂混合接蜂时,稻螟赤眼蜂平均寄生二化螟卵的数量（14.4粒）、后代雌蜂比率（79.0%）以及发育历期（8.6 d）与单独接蜂时相似,但是,当稻螟赤眼蜂与螟黄赤眼蜂混合接蜂时,其后代雌蜂比率（76.7%）明显低于单独接蜂处理,而发育历期（8.8 d）明显长于单独接蜂处理。总的来看,在二化螟卵上,同时接入二种赤眼蜂时,蜂种间存在一定的竞争作用,其中混合接入稻螟赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂时,对水稻二化螟的控制效果最佳。

DU W

, LIN

, ZANG L

, ZHANG

, LIU X

, RUAN C

. Interspecific interference of Trichogramma japonicum with other two Trichogramma species on eggs of the rice stripped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis(Walker).
Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2016,38(3):488-493. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2016.03.6 URL [本文引用: 1]