doi:10.12202/j.0476-0301.2019317江雯^{1, 2},
胡玉乾^{1, 2},
汪军红³,
孙鹏^{1, 2,,},
张强^{4, 5},
黄娜¹,
张鑫¹,
王文英¹
1.安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院，241000，安徽芜湖
2.江淮流域地表过程与区域响应安徽省重点实验室，241002，安徽芜湖
3.霍山县水土保持试验站，237266，安徽霍山
4.北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室，100875，北京
5.北京师范大学减灾与应急管理研究院，100875，北京
基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目（2019YFA0606900）；安徽高校协同创新资助项目（GXXT 2019047）；安徽省科技重大资助项目（202003a06020002）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（41601023）；安徽省自然科学基金资助项目（1808085QD117）

详细信息

通讯作者:孙鹏（1986-），男，博士，教授. 研究方向：气象水文学和水土保持. E-mail：sun68peng@163.com

中图分类号:S157.1

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-11-28
网络出版日期:2021-01-21
刊出日期:2021-05-08

Natural rainfall affects soil erosion of typical vegetation in Dabie Mountains, Anhui Province

Wen JIANG^{1, 2},
Yuqian HU^{1, 2},
Junhong WANG³,
Peng SUN^{1, 2,,},
Qiang ZHANG^{4, 5},
Na HUANG¹,
Xin ZHANG¹,
Wenying WANG¹
1. School of geography and tourism, Anhui Normal University, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
2. Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huai River Basin, Anhui Province, Anhui Normal University, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
3. Huoshan soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station, 237266, Huoshan, Anhui, China
4. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
5. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China



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摘要
摘要:基于霍山县水土保持试验站3个径流小区2013—2018年的连续观测数据，分析水土流失月际、年际变化特征，定量探讨不同植被类型（茶树、红芋、桑树）下各降雨（次降雨、降雨等级、降雨雨型）特征指标对坡耕地水土流失的影响．结果表明：1）4和7月为一年中水土流失高峰期；2013—2018年水土流失量变化趋势均表现为先迅速下降，后趋于稳定，到2018年出现上升．2）各降雨因子对于水土流失贡献度由大到小依次为降雨量（P）、降雨侵蚀力（R）、30 min雨强（I₃₀）、降雨历时（t）、60 min雨强（I₆₀）、平均雨强（I）．降雨量是影响产沙量的最重要因素；降雨侵蚀力对乔木和灌木产流影响最大．3）中雨和大雨年际变率最大，大暴雨场次少，但造成的水土流失情况最严重；Ⅰ型降雨是安徽大别山区主要的降雨类型，Ⅲ型降雨场次最少，但水土流失量远高于其他3种雨型，Ⅳ型降雨对水土流失影响最小．
关键词:水土流失/
天然降雨/
植被种类/
雨型/
安徽大别山区
Abstract:Effects of different land uses/covers on soil and water loss processes under different rainfall patterns have great significance to guide vegetation construction and soil and water loss control．Responses of soil and water yield characteristics to rainfall patterns and crop types (tea, red taro, mulberry) were studied by rainfall simulation under three runoff plots at Huoshan soil and water conservation station in Dabie Mountain from 2013 to 2018．The months of April and July were found to be the peak periods of soil erosion．From 2013 to 2018, soil and water loss showed a trend of rapid decline, followed by stability, and finally an increase in 2018．The order of contribution of each rainfall factor to soil erosion was found to be P>R>I₃₀>t>I₆₀>I．Rainfall was the most important factor affecting sediment yield．Rainfall erosion had the greatest effect on tree and shrub runoff．Moderate and heavy rains were found to show the highest inter-annual variability．Very heavy rains were infrequent but caused the most serious soil erosion．The main rainfall pattern in Dabie Mountains, Anhui province was Type Ⅰ．Type Ⅲ rainfall was the least frequent, but with soil and water loss much higher than the other three rainfall patterns．Type Ⅳ showed the least impact on soil and water loss．
Key words:water and soil loss/
natural rainfall/
vegetation types/
rainfall patterns/
Dabie Mountain of Anhui Province