周爽男, 蒋霞敏, 吕腾腾, 彭瑞冰, 韩庆喜
宁波大学海洋学院, 浙江 宁波 315211

摘要:
头足类是现存最古老的海洋生物之一，为视觉性动物，视觉在它们的捕食、避敌、求偶、交配等活动中发挥了重要作用。在长期的进化过程中，头足类的眼睛为它们带来了视觉上的强大优势。目前国内关于头足类眼睛的研究较少，主要集中于头足类眼睛视网膜的研究，国外的研究则主要集中于头足类眼睛的结构特点和一些视觉特性，本文对头足类眼睛的形成、形态、结构、视敏度变化、偏振光敏感性、趋光性及眼外光感受器——感光囊进行了论述。综合分析认为，除鹦鹉螺外，头足类的眼睛发达，虽然它们的眼睛保留了无脊椎动物无法识别颜色这一特性，但已经具备了形成物像，进行屈光和光调节的完善而精细的系统结构，分辨率高，甚至还具有一些高等脊椎动物所不具备的功能，同时还有眼外光感受器——感光囊进行辅助作用。因此，和它们的分类地位一样，头足类的眼睛一定程度上也处于海洋动物由低等进化到高等的一个过渡型的地位。此外，本文也对目前头足类眼睛研究进展的问题和未来研究方向进行了总结和展望。希望可以引起国内外同行的重视，并为相关研究提供借鉴和参考。
关键词:视觉系统视敏度偏振光趋光性感光囊
DOI：10.11759/hykx20190417004
分类号:S917.4
基金项目:国家自然基金（41806186）；宁波市农业重大专项（2014C11001）；宁波市富民项目（2017C10006）

Review of the research on the cephalopod eye
ZHOU Shuang-nan, JIANG Xia-min, LV Teng-teng, PENG Rui-bing, HAN Qing-xi
School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Abstract:
Cephalopods are among the oldest marine visual predators. Vision plays an important role in their predation, avoidance, courtship, and mating activities. In the long-term evolution process, the eyes of the cephalopod have brought it a powerful visual advantage. At present, while there has been research mainly focusing on the retina, there are few studies on cephalopod eyes in China. Foreign studies have mainly focused on structural characteristics and some visual characteristics of cephalopod eyes. In this paper, progress in eye research in cephalopods is reviewed, including the formation, morphology, structure, visual sensitivity, polarized light sensitivity, and phototaxis of the eyes and extra-ocular photoreceptors (photosensitive vesicles). Despite their disability with color recognition, as with other invertebrates, cephalopods, except for nautilus, have developed eyes for image formation, light refraction, and light regulation, with high resolution and even some visual functions that are superior to those in vertebrates. At the same time, they also have extra-ocular photoreceptors, i.e., photosensitive vesicles, for assistance. In conclusion, the eyes of cephalopods take an intermediate position in the marine phylogenetic tree, as does cephalopod taxonomic status. Finally, research progress and future research prospects of cephalopod eyes are summarized. We hope this review will draw the attention of other scientists and provide a reference for their studies.
Key words:visual systemvisual acuitypolarized lightphototaxisphotosensitive vesicles





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