胡 炜¹, 李成林^1,2, 韩 莎¹, 赵 斌¹, 徐 涛³
1.山东省海洋生物研究院, 山东省海水养殖病害防治重点实验室, 青岛市浅海底栖渔业增殖重点实验室;2.山东省农业专家顾问团水产分团;3.山东省渔业技术推广站

摘要:
为有效化解或降低异常气候和环境对我国刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)养殖生产造成的不良影响, 进一步增强产业抵御风险能力, 概述了近10年来“厄尔尼诺”和“拉尼娜”等世界性气候变化不同程度引发的持续高温、集中强降雨、长期大范围冰封等极端天气现象, 以及海洋生态持续恶化导致的有害藻华泛滥、围海造礁等环境突变现象对我国刺参养殖产量、产品质量造成的直接影响, 调查研究了灾害发生对刺参养殖业发展造成的次生影响, 结合产业现状, 分别从基础设施、苗种质量、技术集成创新、风险意识、产业链结构以及保障机制等方面系统分析了当前刺参养殖应对异常气候和环境影响的短板问题, 有针对性的提出了应对措施与防范策略建议, 以期为保障我国刺参养殖产业持续、高效、健康发展提供有益的借鉴。
关键词:刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)持续高温强降雨冰封浒苔有害藻华
DOI：10.11759/hykx20170515001
分类号:
基金项目:山东省重点研发计划(2018GHY115042); 山东省现代农业产业技术体系刺参产业创新团队建设工程项目(SDAIT-22-01、SDAIT-22-05); 泰山产业领军人才工程项目(LJNY201613); 山东省农业良种工程项目(2017LZGC010)

Effects of abnormal climate and environment on sea cucumber aquaculture industry and its countermeasures
HU Wei,LI Cheng-lin,HAN Sha,ZHAO Bin,XU Tao
Abstract:
The aims of this study were to determine the methods to reduce or even resolve the adverse effects of abnormal climate and environment on sea cucumber culture production in China and to provide a useful reference for further enhancing the risk-resisting capacity. We summarized the extreme weather conditions, including continuous high temperature, intensive heavy rainfall, and freezing weather, caused due to varying degrees of global climate changes such as “El Nino” and “La Nina” in the past decade; harmful algal blooms such as Enteromorpha prolifera; and reef reclamation and their adverse effects on the yield and quality of land-based and shallow sea aquaculture of sea cucumber in China. We analyzed the different climatic and environmental disaster-causing factors and their direct and secondary effects on sea cucumber aquaculture. Based on the development of sea cucumber aquaculture industry in China, we also analyzed the drawbacks of the current response to abnormal climate and environmental impacts from the viewpoints of infrastructure, seed quality, technology integration innovation, risk consciousness, industrial chain structure, and guarantee mechanism. Systematic solutions and countermeasures were proposed to provide a useful reference for ensuring the sustainable, efficient, and healthy development of sea cucumber aquaculture industry in China.
Key words:Apostichopus japonicascontinuous high temperatureheavy rainfallfreezing weatherEnteromorpha proliferaharmful algal bloom





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