摘要/Abstract

采用表面张力、Zeta电位和小角中子散射技术，研究了pH 11条件下2-己基癸酸、异硬脂酸对具有单头单链十二烷基磺酸钠（SDoS）和星状四聚磺酸盐表面活性剂EDA-（C₁₂SO₃Na）₄的气液界面性质、胶束化行为和乳化性能的影响.结果表明，在气液界面和胶束中支化羧酸盐分子与磺酸盐表面活性剂间有不同程度的相互吸引作用，而且在降低表面张力效率方面具有协同作用，但胶束中分子间相互吸引作用更强的四聚磺酸盐表面活性剂混合体系在聚集体形成方面却未表现出协同作用.同时，随着羧酸盐的加入，SDoS和EDA-（C₁₂SO₃Na）₄呈现出不同的聚集体转变规律，羧酸盐与SDoS的混合聚集体随着浓度增大逐渐由球形胶束转变为棒状胶束，而羧酸盐与EDA-（C₁₂SO₃Na）₄的棒状胶束随着羧酸盐摩尔分数的增大而增长，随着总浓度的增大而减小.此外，在同等乳化烷烃的效果下，支化羧酸盐分子的加入可以大幅减少寡聚磺酸盐表面活性剂的使用量.
关键词: 星状寡聚表面活性剂, 小角中子散射, 表面张力, 相互作用, 聚集体
Understanding the effects of molecules with branched structures on surface activities and micellization of star-shaped oligomeric surfactants will promote the applications of oligomeric surfactants. The present work has studied the interactions and aggregation of branched carboxylate 2-hexyldecanoic acid (HDA) and 2,2,4,8,10,10-hexamethylundecane-5-carboxylic acid (HMLCA) with single chain sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDoS) and star-shaped tetrameric sulfonate surfactant (EDA-(C₁₂SO₃Na)₄) in aqueous solution of pH 11 by surface tension, ζ-Potential and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Surface tension measurements have shown that the addition of HDA or HMLCA can significantly reduce the surface tension at critical micellar concentration (CMC), meanwhile, the CMC values increase slightly as the mole fraction of HDA or HMLCA increases. The interaction parameter (β), calculated according to the non-ideal mixed solution model, indicate that different interaction degrees exist between branched carboxylate and sulfonate surfactant on surface activities and micellization. The four mixtures all exhibit synergism in surface tension reduction efficiency. The mixtures of single chain sulfonate surfactant and branched carboxylate also exhibit synergism in micelle formation, whereas the mixtures of tetrameric sulfonate surfactant and branched carboxylate do not, although the attractive interaction of HDA/EDA-(C₁₂SO₃Na)₄ and HMLCA/EDA-(C₁₂SO₃Na)₄ is stronger than that of HDA/SDoS and HMLCA/SDoS in mixed micelles. Taking HDA as a representative, SANS and ζ-Potential results reveal that the addition of HDA into these two sulfonate surfactants leads to different aggregate transitions in the solution. For HDA/SDoS, when the molar fraction of HDA (X_HDA) is constant and the total surfactant concentration increases, spherical micelles transfer into rod-like micelles. For the HDA/EDA-(C₁₂SO₃Na)₄ mixture, the rod-like micelles become shorter as X_HDA increases at a fixed total surfactant concentration, while the rod-like micelles are growing longer with increasing X_HDA at a fixed total surfactant concentration. This observation suggests that the branched structure of carboxylates can improve the aggregation ability of the mixed system. In addition these mixtures show excellent performance at emulsifying dodecane, and HDA or HMLCA can greatly reduce the dosage of sulfonate surfactants.
Key words: star-shaped oligomeric surfactant, SANS, surface tension, interaction, aggregate


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