1. 东北大学 理学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110819;
2. 太原科技大学 应用科学学院, 山西 太原 030024
收稿日期:2016-05-11
基金项目:辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(201602259)。
作者简介:宋叔尼(1962-), 男, 湖南澧县人, 东北大学教授。
摘要:对带流体动力学阻尼的IBq方程进行了研究,发现虽然对Bq方程精确解的研究很多,但对IBq方程解的研究结果却很少.介绍了求解非线性演化方程的Tanh法与扩展Tanh函数法,使用符号计算软件Maple和Tanh函数法获得带流体动力学阻尼的IBq方程的大量双曲函数精确解,主要为扭结和反扭结孤立子解.对精确解中未知参数进行赋值,图解表示了部分精确解,这对于数值解的准确性和稳定性的核对是有用的.获得的结果证实该方法用于分析求解数学物理中各种非线性偏微分方程是有效的.
关键词:Tanh函数法扩展Tanh函数法双曲函数精确解IBq方程流体动力学阻尼
Exact Solutions for IBq Equation with Fluid Dynamic Damping
SONG Shu-ni1, FAN Kai2
1. School of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
2. School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Corresponding author: FAN Kai, E-mail:neufankai@126.com
Abstract: The IBq equation with fluid dynamic damping was studied. Many studies of exact solutions for Bq equation were found, but the study results of the IBq equations were very few. The standard Tanh method and the extended Tanh method were introduced to solve nonlinear evolution equation, and the standard Tanh method and symbolic computation system Maple were used to obtain a large number of exact hyperbolic function solutions of IBq equation with fluid dynamic damping, mainly for the kink and the antikink soliton solutions. Assignment of exact solutions was done for the unknown parameters, and figures showed some exact solutions, which were useful for verifying the accuracy and stability of numerical solution. The obtained results confirm that the proposed methods are efficient techniques for analytic treatment of a wide variety of nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics.
Key Words: Tanh methodextended Tanh methodexact hyperbolic function solutionsIBq equationfluid dynamic damping
非线性演化方程被广泛用于描述许多重要的现象和动态过程, 比如流体力学、等离子体、生物学、光纤和其他工程领域.理论物理和非线性科学的进步使得可以构造这些非线性方程的精确行波解, 借助于数学符号软件Maple或者Mathematica可以直接寻找这些非线性方程的精确解.近年来, 许多对非线性物理现象感兴趣的学者研究了非线性演化方程的精确解的解决方案, 并提出许多有效的方法, 例如, 逆散射法[1]、Tanh函数法[2]、sine-cosine方法[3]、扩展Tanh函数法[4-6]、齐次平衡法[7]、F-expansion法[8]、首次积分法[9]及(G’/G)-函数展开法[5, 10]等.
Boussinesq[11]研究长波在浅水波表面传播的问题时, 首次导出Boussinesq方程, 简称Bq方程.它的行波解被Wazwaz[12]用Tanh函数法求得.如果Bq中4阶导数项的系数δ > 0, 则是线性稳定的, 用于描述微小的非线性弹性梁的横向振动[13], 被称为‘好的’Bq方程, 它的行波解被Mohyud等[14]用Exp-function法求得.当δ < 0时, 由于它的线性不稳定性, 被称为‘坏的’Bq方程[15], 一个2维的坏的Bq方程被提出用来描述表面重力波的传播, 特别是斜向波的正面碰撞[16], 它的行波解被Forozani等[17]用扩展Tanh函数法求得.Makhankov[18]从等离子体的流体动力学方程组中获得IBq方程, 该方程不仅可以用来近似描述长波在浅水水波中传播, 还可用于描述非谐单原子和双原子链的动力学与热力学特性[19].在真实的过程中,内部摩擦(流体类型的摩擦)同样扮演着重要的角色, 它产生于系统内部的不可逆过程中, 内部摩擦产生耗散, 耗散函数依赖于相对位移的时间导数, 因此, 有必要探究带流体阻尼(耗散项)的IBq方程[17].文献[20-21]都有涉及IBq方程柯西问题解存在性的研究, 但未见文章给出IBq方程的精确行波解.本文将使用标准Tanh和扩展Tanh法, 结合Maple符号计算软件分别得到它的精确行波解.
1 Tanh函数法与扩展Tanh函数法概述1) 首先, 考虑一个一般形式的非线性偏微分方程:
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
3) 假设一个新的独立变量y(ξ)=tanh(kξ), 会引出如下的导数变换式:
(4) |
(5) |
2 使用Tanh函数法求解带流体动力学阻尼的IBq方程带耗散项的IBq方程为
(6) |
(7) |
(8) |
图 1(Fig. 1)
图 1 当v=2时, 解u1, 2(x, t)的三维图Fig.1 3D plots of u1, 2(x, t) when v=2 (a)—反扭结孤立子;(b)—扭结孤立子. |
3 使用扩展Tanh函数法求解带流体动力学阻尼的IBq方程带耗散项的IBq方程为
(9) |
(10) |
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