东北大学 理学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110819
收稿日期:2015-06-15
基金项目:教育部基本科研业务青年教师科研启动基金资助项目(N130305005)。
作者简介:袁媛(1980-), 女, 辽宁鞍山人, 东北大学博士研究生;
刘会立(1959-), 男, 辽宁辽阳人, 东北大学教授, 博士生导师。
摘要:利用活动标架及曲线的理论与性质等研究了曲线的密切球中心轨迹以及从切平圆的性质.首先, 研究了曲线和曲线的密切球中心轨迹之间的关系, 并利用原曲线的曲率、挠率来确定曲线密切球中心轨迹的形状.当原曲线的曲率、挠率满足一定关系, 它的密切球中心轨迹分别是一般螺线、Bertrand曲线、Mannheim曲线对、从切曲线和球面曲线.其次, 利用密切球面和从切平面的交线定义了从切圆并且研究了从切圆中心轨迹的性质.
关键词:密切球中心轨迹从切圆曲率挠率从切曲线
Special Curves in 3-Dimensional Euclidean Space
YUAN Yuan, LI Jing, LIU Hui-li
School of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Corresponding author: LIU Hui-li, professor, E-mail: liuhl@mail.neu.edu.cn
Abstract: The properties of center locus of osculating sphere and the rectifying circle of curves were studied by using the theory and the properties of moving frame. First, the relationships between curves and the center locus of osculating sphere of curves were studied. Based on curvature and torsion, the figure of the center locus of osculating sphere of curves was obtained. And the center locus of osculating sphere of curves was generalized helix, Bertrand curves, Mannheim curves, rectifying curve and spherical curve, respectively, when curvature and torsion satisfied certain relation. Then, based on the intersection of osculating sphere and rectifying plane, the rectifying circles were obtained, and the properties of the center locus of rectifying circles were studied.
Key Words: center trace of osculating sphererectifying circlecurvaturetorsionrectifying curve
空间曲线在几何学的理论研究方面具有重要的作用.根据特殊曲线的几何特征, 对应地得到了曲线的曲率和挠率所满足的代数式.例如一般螺线、Bertrand曲线、Mannheim曲线对、从切曲线和球面曲线等.这些特殊曲线对微分几何的发展有着重要的影响[1-10].
定义1[1]??设在曲线Γ的p0点邻近取三点p1, p2, p3.连同p0, 这4点一般地确定一个球面S.当p1, p2, p3沿曲线趋于p0时, 球面S的极限位置称为曲线Γ在p0点的密切球面.
引理1[1]??一条曲线Γ是球面曲线的充要条件:
1 曲线与曲线的密切球中心轨迹定理1??三维欧氏空间中, 任一条以弧长s为参数的挠曲线r(s)和以s为参数的密切球的球心轨迹r(s)满足
证明??挠曲线r(s)的密切球的中心轨迹为
(1) |
将
定理2??三维欧氏空间中, 任一条以弧长s为参数的挠曲线r(s)和以弧长s为参数的曲线的密切球的球心轨迹
证明??由定理1可知密切球中心轨迹与曲线的曲率和挠率的关系为
定理3??三维欧氏空间中, 任一以s为弧长参数的挠曲线r(s)和以s为弧长参数的密切球中心轨迹r(s), 则r(s)为Bertrand曲线, 当且仅当曲线r(s)的曲率与挠率满足:
证明??曲线r(s)为Bertrand曲线的充要条件是存在实数λ1, μ1使得
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
同样方式可得当密切球中心轨迹r(s)分别为Mannheim曲线、Mannheim侣线、丛切曲线、球面曲线时的定理.
定理4??三维欧氏空间中, 任一以s为弧长参数的挠曲线r(s)和以s为弧长参数的密切球中心轨迹r(s), 则r(s)为Mannheim曲线, 当且仅当曲线r(s)的曲率与挠率满足:
(5) |
定理5??三维欧氏空间中, 任一以s为弧长参数的挠曲线r(s)和以s为弧长参数的密切球中心轨迹r(s), 则r(s)为Mannheim侣线, 当且仅当曲线r(s)的曲率与挠率满足:
(6) |
定理6??三维欧氏空间中, 任一以s为弧长参数的挠曲线r(s)和以s为弧长参数的密切球中心轨迹r(s), 则r(s)为丛切曲线, 当且仅当曲线r(s)的曲率与挠率满足
定理7??三维欧氏空间中, 任一以s为弧长参数的挠曲线r(s)和以s为弧长参数的密切球中心轨迹r(s), 则r(s)为球面曲线, 当且仅当曲线r(s)的曲率与挠率满足:
(7) |
推论1??三维欧氏空间中, 任一以s为弧长参数的挠曲线r(s)和以s为弧长参数的密切球中心轨迹r(s), 则r(s)和r(s)为Bertrand曲线, 当且仅当曲线r(s)的曲率与挠率满足λτ+μκ=1, 其中
推论2??三维欧氏空间中, 任一以s为弧长参数的挠曲线r(s)和以s为弧长参数的密切球中心轨迹r(s), 则r(s)为Mannheim曲线, 当且仅当曲线r(s)的曲率与挠率满足τ=λ(κ2+τ2), 其中
推论3??三维欧氏空间中, 任一以s为弧长参数的挠曲线r(s)和以s为弧长参数的密切球中心轨迹r(s), 则r(s)为Mannheim侣线, 当且仅当曲线r(s)的曲率与挠率满足
推论4??三维欧氏空间中, 任一以s为弧长参数的挠曲线r(s)和以s为弧长参数的密切球中心轨迹r(s), 则r(s)为球面曲线, 当且仅当曲线r(s)的曲率与挠率满足
2 曲线的从切圆中心轨迹定义2??曲线r(s)的密切球面与从切平面的交线圆的圆心轨迹方程
定理8??如果曲线r(s)的曲率和挠率满足:
(8) |
其中:
证明??若r1(s)是Mannheim曲线, r(s)是Mannheim侣线, 则由Mannheim对的定义可知r1(s)和r(s)需满足关系式: r1(s)=r(s)+λ(s)γ, 两边关于弧长s求导:
(9) |
3 结论1) 给出了三维欧氏空间中挠曲线的密切球中心轨迹分别为Mannheim曲线、Mannheim侣线、丛切曲线、球面曲线时原曲线的曲率和挠率所满足的关系.
2) 给出了三维欧氏空间中挠曲线是Mannheim侣线,并且它的Mannheim曲线是原曲线的丛切圆中心轨迹时,原曲线的曲率和挠率的关系.
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