摘要： 目的 探讨生命早期因素与饮食相关行为对小学生超重、肥胖的影响。方法 选取沈阳市大东区2所小学1 736名在校学生作为研究对象，检测学生身高、体质量并进行发育早期因素和饮食相关行为因素的问卷调查。采用多因素logistic回归分析学生超重、肥胖的影响因素。结果 超重和肥胖检出率分别为18.8%、21.4%，男生超重、肥胖率（48.8%）明显高于女生（31.2%，P < 0.01）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，喜欢清淡口味（OR=0.553，95%CI：0.410~0.745，P < 0.001）是小学生超重、肥胖的保护因素；剖宫产（OR=1.550，95%CI：1.155~2.079，P < 0.01）、首次添加辅食时间<4月龄（OR=1.904，95%CI：1.048~3.459，P < 0.05）、喜欢油腻口味（OR=1.905，95%CI：1.285~2.825，P < 0.001）、吃饭速度快（OR=1.671，95%CI：1.112~2.513，P < 0.05）、食欲好（OR=4.508，95%CI：3.190~6.371，P < 0.001）、不挑食（OR=1.743，95%CI：1.252~2.427，P < 0.05）是小学生超重、肥胖的危险因素。结论 沈阳市小学生超重、肥胖检出率较高。剖宫产、<4月龄添加辅助食物、喜欢油腻食物、吃饭速度快、食欲好是儿童超重、肥胖的危险因素；喜欢清淡口味是儿童超重、肥胖的保护因素。

生命早期因素与饮食相关行为对小学生超重、肥胖的影响

张宁馨^1,2, 丁雅洁^1,2, 刘洋^2,3, 魏薇¹, 孙琦¹, 贾丽红^1,2

1. 中国医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室, 沈阳 110122;
2. 辽宁省肥胖与糖脂代谢疾病重点实验室, 沈阳 110122;
3. 中国医科大学健康科学研究院, 沈阳 110122

收稿日期:2021-11-12出版日期:2022-09-30发布日期:2022-09-03
通讯作者:贾丽红E-mail:lhjia@cmu.edu.cn
作者简介:张宁馨（1997-），女，硕士研究生.
基金资助:国家自然科学基金（82073575）


关键词: 小学生, 超重, 肥胖, 饮食行为, 生命早期因素
Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of early-life factors and diet-related behaviors on overweight and obesity among primary school students. Methods A total of 1 736 students from two primary schools in the Dadong district of Shenyang were selected as the study subjects. Their heights and weights were measured. A questionnaire was administered on early life- and dietary-related behavioral factors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing overweight and obesity among the students. Results The detection rates of overweight and obesity were 18.8% and 21.4%, respectively. The overweight and obesity rates of boys(48.8%) were significantly higher than those of girls(31.2%; P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a preference for light tastes(OR=0.553, 95%CI:0.410-0.745,P < 0.001) was a protective factor for overweight and obesity among primary school students. Cesarean delivery(OR=1.550, 95%CI:1.155-2.079,P < 0.05), adding supplementary food for the first time at<4 months of age(OR=1.904, 95%CI:1.048-3.459,P < 0.05), preference for fried food(OR=1.905, 95%CI:1.285-2.825,P < 0.001), fast eating(OR=1.671, 95%CI:1.112-2.513,P < 0.05), good appetite(OR=4.508, 95%CI:3.190-6.371,P < 0.001), and not being a picky eater(OR=1.743, 95%CI:1.252-2.427,P < 0.05) were risk factors for overweight and obesity in primary school students. Conclusion The detection rate of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Shenyang was high. Cesarean delivery, adding supplementary food at<4 months of age, preference for fried food, fast eating, and good appetite are risk factors for overweight and obesity in children; a preference for light tastes is a protective factor for overweight and obesity in children.
Key words: primary school students, overweight, obesity, dietary behavior, early-life factor
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