摘要:七叶一枝花[Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara]为药材重楼的药源植物, 具有较好的抗肿瘤、抗炎等作用; 野生七叶一枝花生于海拔1800~3200 m林下, 目前已资源匮乏, 人工栽培尚不成规模, 同时, 七叶一枝花生长受光强影响显著, 强度不适时植株易萎蔫死亡, 因此, 研究遮阴处理对人工培育优质七叶一枝花具有重要意义。本文以6年生的七叶一枝花为试验材料, 设置不同遮阴条件(70%、80%、90%), 对重楼皂苷含量、光合色素含量、抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、可溶性物质含量等指标进行测定, 探究遮阴程度对七叶一枝花中皂苷成分的影响规律。结果显示, 重楼皂苷含量与SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量存在显著负相关性(P<0.05), 与叶绿素a/b、CAT活性、可溶性蛋白质含量存在显著正相关(P<0.05); 在遮阴80%的处理下, 重楼皂苷含量最高(重楼皂苷Ⅰ为1.45 mg?g?1, 重楼皂苷Ⅵ为2.52 mg?g?1, 重楼皂苷Ⅶ为3.22 mg?g?1, 总重楼皂苷为7.19 mg?g?1); 同时该遮阴下各项光合色素指标和可溶性蛋白质含量(11.28 mg?g?1)均为最高, POD (2.89 U?g?1?min?1)和SOD (105.01 U?g?1?min?1)活性最低, MDA (11.90 μmol?g?1)和脯氨酸(FP, 8.88 mg?g?1)含量最低。综上所述, 不同的遮阴程度对七叶一枝花中重楼皂苷含量和初生代谢影响较大; 其中80%遮阴处理有利于其重楼皂苷合成和积累, 有利于光合色素和可溶性蛋白质含量的提高; 较高或较低遮阴对七叶一枝花生长和重楼皂苷的含量均产生不利影响。本研究结果可为优化七叶一枝花人工栽培措施及获得优质药材提供理论参考。
关键词:遮阴处理/
七叶一枝花/
重楼皂苷/
生理生化指标
Abstract:Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara is a rare traditional herb, the rhizome of which (named Paridis Rhizoma) is commonly used for its antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. P. polyphylla mainly comprises saponins, the production of which is affected by the intensity of light. Therefore, the determination of the most suitable shading degree for this herb plant in northern Zhejiang can lay the foundation for the promotion of its’ artificial cultivation. In this study, the effects of different degrees of shading on the accumulation of saponins in P. polyphylla and on changes in their biochemical indices were explored. The plants were maintained at the arboretum test site of Zhejiang Agriculture and Foresty University, China (30°15?N, 119°43?E) from June to September 2019. Black shading nets were used to create different shading conditions (70%, 80%, and 90%). Six-year-old P. polyphylla plants were used as the test materials, and their contents of saponins, photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA), and osmotic adjustment substances as well as antioxidative enzymes activities were measured to determine their response to shading conditions.The results showed that the saponin content was negatively correlated with the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, and MDA content (P<0.01), but positively correlated with the chlorophyll a/b ratio, catalase (CAT) activity, and soluble protein content (P<0.05). The 80% shading condition was most beneficial to saponin accumulation, as evidenced by the highest total saponin content (7.19 mg·g?1) in the plant compared with that yielded by the 70% (3.79 mg·g?1) and 90% (1.85 mg·g?1) shading conditions. The contents of all types of saponins were the highest under the 80% shading condition (polyphyllin Ⅰ: 1.45 mg·g?1; polyphyllin Ⅵ: 2.52 mg·g?1; and polyphyllin Ⅶ: 3.22 mg·g?1). Additionally, the contents of photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll: 4.72 mg·g?1) and soluble proteins (11.28 mg·g?1) were higher in plants under 80% shading than in those under 70% (total chlorophyll: 2.94 mg·g?1; soluble protein: 9.23 mg·g?1) and 90% shading (total chlorophyll: 3.81 mg·g?1; soluble protein: 7.72 mg·g?1). However, the activities of POD (2.89 U·g?1·min?1) and SOD (105.01 U·g?1·min?1), contents of MDA (11.90 μmol·g?1) and proline (8.88 mg·g?1) in plants under 80% shading were lower than those in plants under 70% (POD: 3.20 U·g?1·min?1; SOD: 123.38 U·g?1·min?1; and MDA: 13.89 μmol?g?1; proline: 11.48 mg·g?1) and 90% shading (POD: 4.90 U·g?1·min?1; SOD: 165.09 U·g?1·min?1; and MDA: 15.46 μmol?g?1; proline: 12.68 mg·g?1). Moreover, compared with the plants treated with 80% shading, those treated with 70% and 90% shading showed significantly lower contents of total saponins. In summary, different degrees of shading significantly influenced the P. polyphylla saponin content and primary metabolism. The data from this study provide a theoretical reference for the artificial cultivation and quality improvement of P. polyphylla in northern Zhejiang.
Key words:Shading treatment/
Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara/
Saponin/
Physiological and biochemical indexes
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