摘要:绿肥填闲种植是黄土高原旱作农业区一项历史悠久的种植方式, 但受降水资源限制, 绿肥种植可能会增加土壤水分消耗, 进而影响后茬粮食作物的产量。本研究基于46篇黄土高原绿肥相关文献数据, 采用整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法探究绿肥种植对休闲期降水储存效率(PSE)、粮食作物播种时土壤储水量(SWSP)、粮食作物产量、蒸散量(ET)和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明, 与裸地休闲相比, 绿肥种植系统PSE、SWSP和ET分别降低28.28%、4.93%和2.51% (P<0.05), 而后茬粮食作物产量和WUE平均提高2.37%和8.97% (P<0.05)。绿肥填闲种植的水分和产量效应随绿肥翻压至后茬粮食作物播种间隔时间、绿肥生物量以及气候条件而发生变化。PSE、SWSP和后茬粮食作物产量随豆科绿肥翻压至后茬粮食作物播种间隔时间的延长均呈先增加后减少变化, 指标的效应量(response ratio, RR)均在间隔时间约13 d时达最大。后茬粮食作物产量和WUE的RR与豆科绿肥生物量之间存在二项式相关, 并分别在绿肥生物量为2200 kg·hm?2和3100 kg·hm?2左右时达最大。总体来看, 黄土高原地区种植绿肥虽然降低了土壤水分, 但对后茬粮食作物产量形成和水分利用具有显著的促进作用, 提前13 d左右进行绿肥翻压、控制豆科绿肥生物量在2200~3100 kg·hm?2能够有效减缓对土壤水分的负面影响。
关键词:绿肥/
土壤水分/
产量/
水分利用效率/
整合分析
Abstract:Planting green manure is a long-established planting pattern in the dryland cropping areas across the Loess Plateau of China. However, due to limited precipitation, planting green manure may reduce soil water content and affect the succeeding crop yield. By combining data from 46 peer-reviewed publications, a Meta-analysis was carried out to assess the effect of green manure on precipitation storage efficiency (PSE) during the fallow period, soil water storage at succeeding crop planting (SWSP), succeeding crop yields, evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency (WUE) in the Loess Plateau of China. Compared to fallow areas without green manure, area with green manure decreased PSE, SWSP and ET by 28.28% (P<0.05), 4.93% (P<0.05) and 2.51% (P<0.05), respectively, however, it increased succeeding crop yield and WUE by 2.37% and 8.97% (P<0.05), respectively. Green manure effect on soil water, crop yield, and soil water use varied with the interval between green manure termination and planting of succeeding crop, green manure biomass, and climatic conditions. Strong polynomial relationship was found between the response ratios (RRs) of PSE, SWSP and the interval between legume green manure termination and succeeding crop planting. Both PSE and SWSP maximized at an interval of 13 d. The RRs of crop yield and WUE were also correlated with legume green manure biomass in a polynomial way. Succeeding crop yield and WUE maximized when the legume green manure biomass was 2200 and 3100 kg?hm?2, respectively. Overall, introducing green manure during fallow period reduced soil water but enhanced succeeding crop production and water use in the Loess Plateau. Leaving a 12–14 d interval between legume green manure termination at a biomass of 2200–3100 kg?hm?2, succeeding crop planting can be a reliable practice to mitigate soil water consumption in such dryland areas.
Key words:Green manure/
Soil water/
Yield/
Water use efficiency/
Meta-analysis
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