摘要:坝上地区是京津冀地区的重要生态屏障，也是京津冀的重要水源涵养地和生物多样性保护重要基地，对保障京津冀地区的生态安全和水资源供给有着不可替代的作用。本研究运用软件ARCGIS 10.2，将坝上地区的土壤类型与地貌类型两大主要土地生态要素进行叠加，划分典型类型区，并结合现行的土地利用分类系统和生态系统服务功能，构建生态用地分类体系，在此基础上，以粮食单产进行区位修订，采用当量因子法估算2015年坝上各类型分区内生态用地的生态系统服务价值，以期为坝上地区的生态用地格局规划与区域生态保护管理政策制定提供理论依据。结果表明：1）河北省坝上地区粮食单产大体趋势是自中部向两翼方向逐渐递增，高产区主要是东南部的褐土侵蚀剥蚀低山类型区和褐土侵蚀剥蚀中山类型区，产量高达5 000 kg·hm-2以上；低产区则是主要位于西南的张北县栗钙土玄武岩台地类型区和尚义县粗骨土侵蚀剥蚀中山类型区，产量不足2 500 kg·hm-2。2）河北省坝上生态用地类型以草地和林地为主，两者面积之和占总面积的73.95%。沼泽土侵蚀剥蚀中山类型区、沼泽土冲积风积高原类型区、灰色森林土侵蚀剥蚀中山类型区以及灰色森林土冲积风积高原类型区的生态用地面积占其类型区总面积的95%以上，而盐土湖积高原类型区的生态用地所占比例最小，仅占39.74%。3）2015年坝上生态服务总价值高达634.77亿元，其中坝上地区东部的棕壤侵蚀剥蚀中山类型区生态服务价值最大，主要由林地提供；位于西北部的盐土湖积高原类型区生态服务价值最小，基本为草地所提供。本研究表明，不同的土壤类型和地貌类型均影响着土地生产能力的大小，从而影响着该地区的生态系统服务价值大小。
关键词:土地生态要素/
土壤类型/
地貌类型/
生态用地/
生态服务价值/
坝上
Abstract:As a vital ecological barrier and biodiversity conservation base of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Bashang area plays an irreplaceable role in guaranteeing ecological security and water resources supply. In this study, the ARCGIS 10.2 software was used to zone the typical regions of land ecological elements through overlapping the two major ecological elements-soil and topography in Bashang area. For further research, an ecological land classification system was constructed through the combination of current land use classification system and ecosystem services function. On this basis, the equivalent factor method was used to estimate the values of ecosystem services of ecological lands in various regions of Bashang for 2015 and then the location revised based on unit area grain yield. The research aim at providing theoretical basis for the planning of ecological land use and the formulation of regional ecological protection and management policies in Bashang area. The results showed that:1) the general trend in grain yield in the Bashang area gradually increased from the central region into the two projecting wings. Both the regions of low and middle mountains of eroded cinnamon soil in the southeast of the study area were high-yield regions with yields of above 5 000 kg·hm-2. Then low-yield areas included the region of chestnut soil basalt planform in Zhangbei County and the region of middle mountain eroded skeleton soil in Shangyi County, with yield less than 2 500 kg·hm-2. 2) Grassland and woodland were the main types of ecological land in Bashang, accounting for 73.95% of the total area. The ecological land areas of regions of middle mountain of eroded marshy soil, alluvial aeolian plateau of marsh soil, middle mountain of eroded gray forest soil, alluvial aeolian plateau of gray forest soil accounted for over 95% of the various type areas. On the contrary, the proportion of ecological land of saline soil lake plateau region was smallest, accounting for only 39.74%. 3) The total value of ecological services in Bashang reached 63.48 billion ￥ in 2015. The maximum ecosystem service value was in the region of middle mountain of eroded brown soil in the eastern part of the Bashang area, which was mainly provided by the woodland. The ecosystem service value in the saline soil lake plateau region in the northwestern part was the smallest, which was basically provided by grassland. The research reflects that both soil type and geomorphic form influenced land production capacity, thus influencing ecological service value.
Key words:Ecological factors of land/
Soil type/
Geomorphic form/
Ecological land/
Value of ecological services/
Bashang area
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