摘要:未利用地作为重要的土地后备资源，研究其开发适宜性及其开发模式是实现土地可持续利用的重要举措，对保障我国粮食安全、实现经济发展和生态文明建设均具有重要意义。同时，科学引导土地开发利用，对未利用地可能的开发利用方向进行适宜性评价，研究确定开发分区，也是推动国土科技创新的重点。在此背景下，本文以河北省黄骅市为例，将未利用地做宜耕、宜建和生态风险三重评价，并结合权衡模型和遗传算法对上述三重评价进行耦合分析，确定开发分区，进而解决多开发方向之间的权衡问题，为全国未利用地开发提供示范。研究表明：1）黄骅市未利用地宜耕开发可分为4个等级，主要为不适宜级宜耕未利用地，集中在市东部沿海；2）宜建开发可分3个等级，主要为低适宜级宜建未利用地，集中分布在市中部和西部；3）生态风险区可分为5级，呈东高西低的空间格局，主要为中低和中高生态风险未利用地；4）黄骅市未利用地资源可分为耕地、建设用地、生态用地3种重点开发区，其中，耕地重点开发区主要分布在中部和西部，建设用地重点开发区主要分布在黄骅镇周围，生态用地重点开发区主要位于东部沿海。研究结果可为破解土地供需两难提供科学支持。
关键词:未利用地/
适宜性评价/
生态风险评价/
开发分区/
黄骅市
Abstract:Unutilized land is an important reserve of land resources, the study on its suitability and development modes is an important measure for sustainable land use. Also unutilized land development is an important action towards food security, economic growth and eco-civilization. It is the focus of scientific and technological innovations of land, and the guidance of development and utilization of unutilized lands to evaluate development suitability and to regionalize rationally the exploitation of unutilized lands. Huanghua City was used as a case study to evaluate the suitability of cultivation, construction and ecological risk of unutilized lands. The indexes systems were established for cultivation suitability evaluation according to land type from aspects of soil property, water resource and vegetation coverage; for construction suitability evaluation from aspects of natural quality, landform and engineering geology; and for ecological risk evaluation from aspects of salinity degree, vegetation coverage, soil thickness and waterlogging degree. The synthetical index method was used to evaluate the suitability of unutilized land for cultivation and construction and ecological risk of exploitation. A coupling model and genetic algorithm were used to evaluate triplet coupling exploitation partitions of unutilized lands. The case study was meant to provide a methodological demonstration of the development and utilization of unutilized lands in the study area and beyond. The results showed that 1) the exploitation suitability for cultivation of unutilized lands had four grades, with the largest unutilized land area belonging to the N grade (not suitable for cultivation) which was in the east of Huanghua City. 2) Construction suitability of unutilized lands had three grades, and the third grade (low suitable) had the biggest area, which concentrated in the center and west of Huanghua City. 3) There were five grades of ecological risk, with high ecological risk regions in the east of Huanghua City and low ecological risk regions in the west of the city. The main region was the middle-to-low and middle-to-high ecological risk grade. 4) The study area was divided into three key exploitation partitions, including exploitation partitions of cultivation lands, construction lands and ecological lands. The exploitation partition of cultivation lands was mainly concentrated in the center and west of the city. The exploitation partition of construction lands was mainly located in the central of Huanghua City. Then the exploitation partition of ecological lands was mainly concentrated in the east of the city. The results could provide scientific support for resolving the dilemma of land supply and demand in the study area.
Key words:Unutilized land/
Suitable evaluation/
Ecological risk evaluation/
Exploitation partition/
Huanghua City
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