摘要:在计算机软件中，程序缺陷不可避免且极有可能造成重大损失.因此，尽早发现并排除程序中潜在的缺陷，是学术界和工业界的普遍共识.目前的程序缺陷自动修复方法大都遵循缺陷定位、修复候选项生成、选择及验证的流程，但在修复实际程序时存在修复率低、无法保证修复结果的正确性等问题.提出了一种基于程序合成的C/C++程序缺陷自动修复方法.首先，从满足相同规约的程序集中，通过人工整理的方式总结错误模式及其对应的修复方法，使用重写规则表达错误模式，在此基础上实现了基于重写规则和基于程序频谱的缺陷定位方法，得到程序中可能的缺陷位置；其次，基于重写规则，使用修复选项生成方法得到缺陷的修复选项，同时，通过深度学习的方式学习正确程序的书写结构，帮助预测错误程序错误点应有的语句结构，通过这两种方式提高候选项质量，进而提高修复率；最后，在选择验证过程中，使用程序合成的方法将样例程序作为约束，保证合成后代码的正确性.基于上述方法实现了原型工具AutoGrader，并在容易出错、缺陷典型的学生作业程序上进行了实验，结果显示，该方法对学生作业程序中的缺陷有着较高的修复率，同时也能保证修复后代码的正确性.



Abstract:In computer software, program defects are inevitable and are highly likely to cause significant losses. Therefore, it is a common consensus in academia and industry to find and eliminate potential defects in the program as early as possible. Most of the current automatic program repair methods follow the process of defect location, candidate generation, candidate verification. However, when the program is repaired, there is a problem that the repair rate is low and the repair result cannot be guaranteed. This study proposes a method for automatic repair of defects in C/C++ program based on program synthesis. Firstly, the error mode and its corresponding repair methods are summarized from the assembly that satisfies the same specification, and use the rewrite rules to express the error mode and its corresponding repair methods. On this basis, a defect-location method is implemented based on rewrite rules and program spectrum to obtain possible defect locations in the program. Secondly, the candidate-generation method is used to get the repair candidate based on the rewrite rule. At the same time, the correct structure of the program through deep learning is learnt to help predict the correct sentence structure of the wrong program error point. These two ways improve the quality of the candidate and the repair rate. Finally, in the candidate-verification process, the method of program synthesis is used. The sample program is used as a constraint to ensure the correctness of the synthesized code. Based on the above methods, the prototype tool AutoGrader is implemented and it is experimented on student program. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a high repair rate for the defects in the student program, and also ensures the correctness of the code after the repair.



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