中文关键词CH₄排放N₂O排放稻田大气CO₂浓度升高高应答水稻品种低应答水稻品种产量 英文关键词CH₄ emissionsN₂O emissionspaddy fieldselevated CO₂ concentrationthe strongly responsive cultivarthe weakly responsive cultivargrain yield

作者	单位	E-mail
于海洋	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049	yuhy@issas.ac.cn
宋开付	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
黄琼	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
王天宇	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
张广斌	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
马静	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
朱春梧	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
徐华	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008	hxu@issas.ac.cn

中文摘要 大气CO₂浓度升高（[CO₂]_e）是全球气候变化的主要驱动力，可直接或间接影响稻田生态系统碳氮循环.深入探究长期（大于10 a）[CO₂]_e对水稻产量和稻田温室气体排放的影响，对保障粮食安全和评估未来气候变化意义重大.本研究以高、低应答水稻品种为供试材料，利用连续运行14 a的[CO₂]升高（free-air CO₂ enrichment，FACE）平台，共设置2个[CO₂]处理：对照（正常[CO₂]，[CO₂]_a）和在[CO₂]_a基础上升高200 μmol·mol^-1（[CO₂]_e）.采用静态透明箱-气相色谱法测定稻田CH₄和N₂O排放量，并测定水稻产量.结果表明，对比[CO₂]_a，长期[CO₂]_e分别增加高、低应答水稻品种产量29%~31%（P<0.05）和12%~14%（P>0.05）；分别减少高、低应答水稻品种稻田CH₄排放21%~59%和11%~54%；同时，分别显著减少高、低应答水稻品种稻田N₂O排放70%（P<0.05）和40%（P<0.05）.水稻产量、稻田CH₄排放对长、短期[CO₂]_e的响应具有明显差异，随着[CO₂]_e年限的增加，水稻产量和稻田CH₄排放的增幅显著下降，而稻田N₂O排放无明显变化.综合考虑，长期[CO₂]_e条件下，高应答水稻品种为优先考虑种植的"增产减排"水稻品种. 英文摘要 Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations([CO₂]_e) are the main driving force of global climate change, which directly and indirectly affect carbon and nitrogen cycling in the paddy ecosystems. Therefore, understanding the response of rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions to long-term(more than 10 years)[CO₂]_e from paddy fields is of great significance for food security and future climate change assessment. In this study, strongly and weakly responsive cultivars were used as the experimental materials. Based on a free-air CO₂ enrichment(FACE) platform continuously run for 14 years, two treatments of different[CO₂] were set:a control(i.e., normal[CO₂] and[CO₂]_a) and a 200 μmol·mol^-1 higher than[CO₂]_a condition, ([CO₂]_e). CH₄ and N₂O emissions from the rice paddy fields were monitored in situ by static transparent chamber-gas chromatography, and grain yields were also obtained. The results showed that compared with the[CO₂]_a treatment, long-term[CO₂]_e increased grain yields of the strongly and weakly responsive cultivars by 29%-31%(P<0.05) and 12%-14%(P>0.05), and CH₄ emissions of the strongly and weakly responsive cultivars were reduced by 21%-59% and 11%-54%, respectively. Furthermore, N₂O emissions from the strongly and weakly responsive cultivars were significantly reduced by 70%(P<0.05) and 40%(P<0.05), respectively. The short- and long-term responses of grain yields and CH₄ emissions from rice paddy fields to[CO₂]_e were significantly different. Specifically, with the increase in the duration of[CO₂]_e, the increases in rice yields and CH₄ emissions significantly decreased, while the N₂O emissions showed no significant changes. Therefore, under long-term[CO₂]_e conditions, the strongly responsive cultivar has a high potential to reduce greenhouse gas emission and increase grain yields.

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