中文关键词全氟化合物(PFASs)单体特征空间特征来源解析风险评价 英文关键词polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)congener characterspatial distributionsource appointmentrisk assessment

作者	单位	E-mail
武倩倩	山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院, 青岛 266590	wqq912@126.com
吴强	山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院, 青岛 266590 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
宋帅	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085	shuaisong@rcees.ac.cn
任加国	山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院, 青岛 266590
杨胜杰	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085
吴颜岐	中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085

中文摘要 以全氟化合物（polyfluoroalkyl substances，PFASs）为研究对象，选择渤海湾区域城市化水平较高的典型传统工业城市天津为研究区域，系统采集了水体和土壤样品，并通过固相萃取和高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC/MS-MS）方法，分析了水体和土壤中的PFASs暴露水平.结果表明，12种PFASs在水体和土壤中全部检出，水体中ΣPFASs浓度范围为3.93~357.85 ng·L^-1，土壤中ΣPFASs含量范围为4.60~63.85 ng·g^-1；PFBA是水体和土壤的主要组分，贡献率分别为37%和67%.天津市土壤和河流水体中PFASs存在空间差异性，河流上游至下游PFASs浓度呈递增趋势，且土壤和水体中ΣPFASs含量都表现为东部滨海区域（均值分别为11.45 ng·g^-1和71.36 ng·L^-1）比西部（均值6.94ng·g^-1和36.08 ng·L^-1）高，滨海新区ΣPFASs远高于其他行政区，研究结果也表明了该区域全氟化合物的使用正在转向短链产品.来源分析结果表明，橡胶品的乳化、食品包装过程和纸类表面处理和灭火剂使用，以及工业生产中电化学氟化过程是研究区土壤中PFASs主要来源；水体中PFASs主要来源是前驱体发生降解，少数区域的PFASs源于生产的直接排放，然而受大气沉降影响较小.生态风险评价结果表明，研究区内水体和土壤中PFASs暴露浓度较低，尚处于较低的生态风险水平，但由于其具有远距离传输能力和生物食物链（网）累积性，其长期的生态效应仍不容忽视. 英文摘要 Rapid urbanization and industrialization may potentially impact the spatial distribution and transmission of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Tianjin, a typical industrialized city with a high urbanization level around Bohai Bay, was selected to evaluate the spatial distribution and ecological risks of PFASs. Water and soil samples were systematically collected and analyzed by using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS) methods. The results showed that all 12 PFASs were detected in water and soils, and the detection rates of the other congeners were low. The concentrations of ΣPFASs in water ranged from 3.93 to 357.85 ng ·L^-1, and the levels of ΣPFASs in soils ranged from 4.60 to 63.85 ng ·g^-1. PFBA was the major component in water and soils, and the contribution of PFBA was 37% and 67% in water and soils, respectively. The spatial difference in ΣPFASs in the water bodies was significant. ΣPFAS concentrations in the surface water were higher in the north (mean value of 63.83 ng ·L^-1) than in the south (mean value of 51.71 ng ·L^-1) and higher in the eastern coastal area (mean value of 71.36 ng ·L^-1) than in the western area (mean value of 36.08 ng ·L^-1). ΣPFAS concentrations from upstream to downstream of the rivers showed an increasing trend. The highest PFAS concentration was found in the Chaobai River, and the lowest was detected in the South Canal. The spatial distribution of PFASs in soils was higher in the south (mean value of 13.33 ng ·g^-1) than in the north (mean value of 6.38 ng ·g^-1) and higher in the eastern coastal region (mean value of 11.45 ng ·g^-1) than in the western region (mean value of 6.94 ng ·g^-1). The soil concentrations of ΣPFASs in the Haihe River Basin were the highest. The source analysis results showed that the emulsification of rubber products, food packaging process, paper surface treatment, fire extinguishing agent use, and electrochemical fluorination process in industrial production were the main sources of PFASs in the soils in the study area. PFOS/PFOA, PFOA/PFNA, and PFHpA/PFOA analyses showed that the main source of PFASs in water bodies was the degradation of precursors. ΣPFASs in a few areas originated from the direct emissions from production, but the atmospheric deposition was small. The results of the ecological risk evaluation indicated that the exposure concentrations of PFASs in water and soils in the study area were at a low ecological risk level. However, the long-term ecological effects of PFASs cannot be ignored because of their long-distance transport capability and high food chain (web) accumulation capability.

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