中文关键词PM_2.5重金属元素季节变化富集因子健康风险 英文关键词PM_2.5heavy metalsseasonal changesenrichment factorhealth risks

作者	单位	E-mail
雷文凯	首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048	18601232683@163.com
李杏茹	首都师范大学化学系, 北京 100048	lixr@cnu.edu.cn
张兰	首都师范大学化学系, 北京 100048
徐静	生态环境部环境发展中心环境标准样品研究所, 北京 100029
赵文吉	首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048
刘子锐	中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京 100029

中文摘要 为了解保定市大气环境中PM_2.5中重金属的污染特征及其健康风险，在保定市设立观测站点，利用中流量颗粒物采样器对保定市大气PM_2.5进行了连续昼夜采集，并使用微波消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法分析了样品中的V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb等10种重金属元素的质量浓度.结果表明，保定市大气PM_2.5浓度范围为16.84~476.19 μg·m^-3，采样期间有65d高于我国《环境空气质量标准》（GB 3095-2012）中的二级标准，超标率为54.2%.保定市PM_2.5中重金属元素的浓度变化趋势为：除Ni、Mn和Co外，夜间浓度略大于日间；大部分重金属元素秋冬季浓度大于春夏季.富集因子分析可知，保定市Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd主要来自于人为源，特别是受到交通源的影响较大.健康风险评估结果表明，保定市大气PM_2.5中的重金属污染的非致癌风险较小，致癌风险主要是As、Cr、Cd和Co，且成年人的致癌风险大于儿童. 英文摘要 To reveal the pollution characteristics and the health risks of the trace heavy metals in the atmospheric particles in Baoding, Hebei province, PM2.5 samples were collected using a middle volume sampler, and the mass concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the samples were determined by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the PM_2.5 concentration in Baoding ranged from 16.84-476.2 μg·m^-3. During sampling, 65 samples were above the second-level standard of the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012) by 54.2%. The most heavy metal elements showed higher levels in nighttime than during the daytime, except for except for Ni, Mn, and Co. Obvious seasonal variation was found with the trend of winter > autumn > spring > summer. The enrichment factors for Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were more than 1.5, indicating that those metals mainly came from anthropogenic emissions, such as traffic sources. Health risk assessment results indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in PM_2.5 in Baoding was small, and the carcinogenic risk resulting form As, Cr, Cd, and Co was greater for adults than for children.

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