中文关键词居民燃煤炉具大气污染排放浓度排放因子污染控制对策 英文关键词residential coal stovesair pollutionemission concentrationemission factorscontrol measure

作者	单位	E-mail
张熠晨	首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037	zyczyc6814@163.com
薛陈利	首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
刘杰	首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
钟连红	北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037	zhonglianhong@cee.cn
薛亦峰	北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037	xueyifeng@cee.cn

中文摘要 为探究不同类型炉具的大气污染物排放差异，本研究选择5种常见的新式居民燃煤炉具（方型煤炉具、折流换热炉具、炕暖炊一体化炉具、气化正烧及气化反烧炉具）在实验室内进行模拟燃烧和大气污染物排放水平监测，定量评估不同炉具的环境效果，识别污染排放水平差异的影响因素及原因，从而提出炉具研发设计等污染减排的改进建议.结果表明：①不同炉具大气污染物排放差异较大，炕暖炊一体的炉具污染排放强度最大，3种大气污染物（SO₂、NO_x和颗粒物）的排放强度为2.9 kg ·t^-1，是平均值的1.6倍；应用方型煤技术的炉具大气污染物排放强度最低，是平均值的65%.②不同炉具在不同燃烧阶段其气态污染物排放也呈现出明显的差异和特征.旺火阶段方型煤炉具NO_x排放浓度为0.49mg ·m^-3，相较于其他类型炉具降低了45%~72%；气化反烧炉具的SO₂排放浓度为1.38mg ·m^-3，相较于其他类型炉具最高降低了28%.③影响炉具大气污染物排放因素包括应用技术及燃烧类型，采用方型煤及气化反烧技术的炉具环境效益较好，但两类炉具的经济成本分别达到2.0万元和1.8万元，明显高于其他类型炉具.④考虑不同炉具污染排放差异，建议采取差异化的经济政策和严格的排放和产品标准，推广使用节能环保型炉具，降低燃煤炉具大气污染物排放. 英文摘要 To explore the difference in the emission of air pollutants from coal stoves, five new and common residential coal stoves (square briquette, baffled heat exchange, heating and cooking integrated gasification positive burning, and gasification reverse burning stove) were selected. The emission level of major air pollutants was determined using simulated combustion in the laboratory for quantitatively evaluating the environmental effects of different coal stoves. Moreover, the factors and reasons for the differences were identified, and suggestions for the reduction of emission were proposed. The results showed that: ① the emissions of air pollutants from different coal stoves were significantly different; the heating and cooking integrated stove had the largest emission intensity (2.9 kg ·t^-1) of air pollutants (SO₂, NO_x, and TSP), which was 1.6 times of the average value, and the square briquette stove had the lowest emission level, which was 65% of the average value. ② The emissions of gaseous pollutants from the coal stoves in different combustion stages also showed evident differences. In the high-fire stage, the NO_x emission concentration of the square briquette stove was 0.49 mg ·m^-3, which was 45%-72% lower than that of the other stoves; the SO₂ emission concentration of the gasification reverse burning stove was 1.38 mg ·m^-3, which was 28% lower than that of the other stoves. ③ The application technology and combustion type were the main factors affecting the emission levels of the coal stoves. The stove with square briquette technology and gasification reverse burning technology could have great environmental benefit. However, the cost of the two stoves was 20 and 18 thousand yuan, respectively, which was clearly higher than that of the other types of stoves. ④ Considering the difference in the emission of air pollutants from the different stoves, it was suggested to adopt differentiated economic policy and strict emission and product standards, promoting the use of energy-saving and environment-friendly coal stoves to reduce the emission of air pollutants from coal-fired stoves.

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