中文关键词塔城盆地城镇化地下水化学离子比异常识别控制因素 英文关键词Tacheng Basinurbanizationhydrogeochemistryion ratioabnormal recognitioncontrolling factors

作者	单位	E-mail
吕晓立	中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 石家庄 050061 河北省、中国地质调查局地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室, 石家庄 050061	xiaoli_lv1978@163.com
刘景涛	中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 石家庄 050061	728881944@qq.com
韩占涛	中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 石家庄 050061 河北省、中国地质调查局地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室, 石家庄 050061
周冰	中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 石家庄 050061
朱亮	中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 石家庄 050061
陈玺	中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所, 石家庄 050061

中文摘要 随着经济的发展，新疆塔城盆地地下水开采量持续增大，然而研究区水文地质研究基础薄弱，盆地地下水化学演化趋势及其成因不明，这使得未来的地下水开发利用存在较大风险.本文在对盆地内地下水进行系统采样分析的基础上，基于5种水化学图对地下水化学组分进行异常识别，并对比历史水化学数据，对盆地地下水化学演变进行了深入分析.结果表明：研究区地下水阳离子以Ca²⁺和Na⁺为主，阴离子以HCO₃^-和SO₄^2-为主，盆地广泛分布溶解性总固体小于1.0 g·L^-1的淡水.从山前淋溶迁移带到地下水径流缓慢的平原区，地下水化学类型由HCO₃-Ca和HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型过渡到SO₄·HCO₃-Na·Ca型.对比1979年水化学数据，城镇化进程中，由于地下水的过量开采，水位埋深下降，原来的部分排泄区变为径流区，水循环交替加快，致使研究区HCO₃型和SO₄·HCO₃型水分布面明显增加，以硫酸根和氯离子为主的高TDS水化学类型分布面积明显减少.然而在城镇周边人口密集区地下水中水氯离子和硝酸根离子明显升高，地下水TDS和总硬度呈上升趋势，地下水盐化和硬化明显.研究区地下水化学演变主要受潜水流经的含水层介质及地下水流场变化影响，另外排污沟渠污水下渗是影响地下水水质的另一个主要因素. 英文摘要 With the development of the local economy, the volume of groundwater production has increased continuously in the past decades in the Tacheng Basin of the Xinjiang Uygur Automous Region. Previous studies have not provided a clear pattern of the chemical composition evolution of groundwater and its driving force in this basin, which makes the future development and utilization of groundwater riskier. This study carried out systematic sampling and analysis of groundwater chemistry in this basin, and the chemical evolution of groundwater in the basin was analyzed by comparison with historical hydrochemical data. The results show that Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ are the main cations in the groundwater, HCO₃^-, SO₄^2- are the main anions in the groundwater, and freshwater is widely distributed. The chemical types of groundwater changed from HCO₃-Ca and HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg in the source zone in front of the mountains to SO₄·HCO₃-Na·Ca type in the plain area. In comparison with the hydrochemical data of 1979, HCO₃ and SO₄·HCO₃ type groundwater increased significantly. SO₄ and Cl type groundwater with high total dissolved solids decreased significantly. However, the Cl^- and SO₄^2- concentration and total hardness in the groundwater around the cities and towns increased. Aquifer material and the change of flowing field are the two controlling factors of groundwater chemical change, but the leakage of waste water from city drainage channels also affects the groundwater chemistry drastically.

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