中文关键词PM_2.5组分特征时空分布聚类分析武汉 英文关键词PM_2.5chemical componentspatial and temporal distributioncluster analysisWuhan

作者	单位	E-mail
张会涛	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350	335363263@qq.com
田瑛泽	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350	tianyingze@hotmail.com
刘保双	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350
杨佳美	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350
郁佳	武汉市环境监测中心, 武汉 430015
宫攀	武汉市环境监测中心, 武汉 430015
吴建会	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350
张裕芬	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300350

中文摘要 颗粒物化学组分特征对于分析污染来源及成因具有较好的指示意义，能够为城市制定颗粒物源的有效管控提供基础数据支撑.本研究采集和分析了武汉市4个季节8个受体点位的PM_2.5浓度及其化学组分数据.结合各点位组分特征及周边污染源分布情况，通过聚类分析讨论PM_2.5化学组分的时空分布特征.结果表明，武汉市PM_2.5年平均浓度为70.7μg·m^-3，其中冬季PM_2.5浓度（103.1μg·m^-3）显著高于其它季节，秋季浓度最低（52.4μg·m^-3）.从空间分布来看，东湖高新、沌口新区和青山钢花站点的PM_2.5浓度显著高于其它站点.武汉市PM_2.5主要的化学组分为OC和SO₄^2-，占比分别为15.4%和14.2%.OC浓度表现为冬季最高，除了与不利的气象条件有关外，还可能受到周边区域传输的影响；而SO₄^2-浓度夏季最高，具有较强的SO₂二次转化.武汉市OC/EC年均比值为2.80，其中冬、春季小于夏、秋季；物质重构结果表明无机盐（SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺）和有机物（OM）是PM_2.5中的主要物质，占比分别为32.34%和20.44%；工业燃煤源及机动车源可能是武汉市环境受体中PM_2.5主要贡献源.基于受体组分特征的聚类分析可见，武汉市8个站点可分为3类：其中汉阳月湖、灰霾超站、东湖梨园和黄陂区站为一类，主要特征是各站点组分浓度均较低；沌口新区与青山钢花为一类，NO₃^-和NH₄⁺组分浓度较高；东湖高新与吴家山为一类，该两个站点不仅工业源污染较重，机动车及扬尘污染也有较大的贡献. 英文摘要 The characteristics of chemical components of particulate matter are good indicators for analyzing sources and causes of pollution. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of particulate matter can reflect regional pollution problems in urban development, providing a basic dataset to support effective control of particulate matter sources. We collected PM_2.5 and analyzed its concentration and chemical components at eight sites during different seasons. The results indicated that the average concentration of PM_2.5 in Wuhan reached 70.7 μg·m^-3. The concentration of PM_2.5 in winter (103.1 μg·m^-3) was significantly higher than that of other seasons, and the lowest concentration was in autumn (52.4 μg·m^-3). The concentrations of PM_2.5 in Donghu Gaoxin, Zhuankou New Area, and Qingshan Ganghua Station were significantly higher than those at the other sites. The main chemical components in PM_2.5 were OC and SO₄^2-, accounting for 15.4% and 14.2%, respectively. The OC concentration was the highest in winter, whereas SO₄^2-concentration was the highest in summer. The average annual OC/EC ratio was up to 2.80, lower in winter and spring, and higher in summer and autumn. Material reconstruction showed that secondary particles and organic matter (OM) were major substances, accounting for 32.34% and 20.44% of PM_2.5 mass, respectively. Coal combustion and vehicle exhaust might be the main contributors to ambient PM_2.5. The highest fractions for OM were at the Wujiashan and Donghu Gaoxin sites, whereas the fraction of secondary particles was higher at each site, suggesting that secondary pollution had obvious regional characteristics in Wuhan. Cluster analysis based on the characteristics of chemical components showed that the eight sites were divided into three clusters:1 Hanyang Yuehu, Haze, Donghu Liyuan, and Huangpi sites, where the main characteristics were that the concentrations of components at each point were low; ② Zhuankou New Area and Qingshan Ganghua, which were characterized by higher nitrogen components; and ③ Donghu Gaoxin and Wujiashan, where not only industrial sources were heavily polluted in Wuhan, but also motor vehicles and dust pollution greatly contributed.

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