中文关键词城市扩张城市空间特征城市特征空间异质性PM_2.5污染城市化 英文关键词urban expansionurban characteristics changespatial heterogeneityPM_2.5 pollutionurbanization

作者	单位	E-mail
王桂林	上海城建职业学院城市发展研究中心, 上海 200438	kawgl@126.com
张炜	上海城建职业学院城市发展研究中心, 上海 200438	zhangwei23e@163.com

中文摘要 为推动绿色生态城区构建，基于2000~2015年城市分类数据，研究中国城市扩张以及城市空间特征变化对大气环境的影响.得出中国城市扩张（人口、经济和地域面积扩张）以及城市空间特征［人口密度、城市空间紧凑度（compact index，CI）、不透水覆盖率（impervious surface coverage，ISC）、植被覆盖率（NDVI）和夜间灯光指数］变化与PM_2.5污染显著相关，相关强度顺序为夜间灯光指数 > CI > 人口密度 > ISC > 城市地域扩张≥城市人口扩张>NDVI；夜间灯光指数与PM_2.5变化关系最明显，相关系数R为0.77，具有强相关性，表征经济发展对PM_2.5的影响最大；城市CI和人口密度与PM_2.5变化的相关系数分别为0.66和0.55，中强相关.2010~2015年期间，城市扩张、城市空间特征变化、城市空间特征异质性变化对PM_2.5浓度变化总贡献率为80.30%.城市空间特征变化的贡献率最高为55.00%，城市空间异质性的贡献率为25.60%，均大于2010年基础城市特征的贡献率5.70%.2000~2010年期间，城市空间特征变化对PM_2.5浓度变化贡献率为39.30%，城市空间特征异质性的贡献率分别为14.90%，均大于2000年基础城市特征的贡献率3.70%.结论表明未来城市转型发展中，构建绿色生态城区应充分考虑城市空间布局、城市空间特征变化，把城市建设对生态环境的破坏降到最小，实现低碳循环绿色发展. 英文摘要 Study of the influence of China's rapid urbanization and changing urban characteristics on urban ecology is of profound significance for the sustainable development of cities. The results of this study found that such changes have had a profound effect on PM_2.5 concentrations. To explore the effects of urbanization on air quality (especially on PM_2.5) we used indicators of population expansion, economic expansion, and urban geographical to represent levels of urban expansion, and used population density, urban CI, ISC, NDVI, and a night light index to indicate urban space characteristics. The strength of correlations between urban space characteristics and PM_2.5 pollution were as follows:night light index > CI > population density > ISC > urban geographical expansion ≥ population expansion>NDVI. The highest correlation coefficient was between PM_2.5 and the night light index, which was 0.77. During 2010-2015, the total contribution of urban expansion, urban characteristics, and spatial heterogeneity was 80.30%. The contribution of changes in urban characteristics was 55.00% and the contribution of spatial heterogeneity was 25.60%, both of which were above the contribution of basic urban characteristics in 2010, which was 5.70%. From 2000 to 2010, the contribution of changes in urban spatial characteristics to changes in PM_2.5 concentrations was 39.30% and the contribution of the heterogeneity of urban spatial characteristics was 14.90%, both of which were higher than the contribution of basic urban characteristics in 2000, which was 3.70%. The results indicated that as urban transformation and development continue, green ecological cities should fully consider urban spatial layouts and the associated changes in urban spatial characteristics, minimize damage to the ecological environment from urban construction, and they should realize low-carbon and green development.

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