中文关键词太原PM_2.5污染天组分特征源解析 英文关键词TaiyuanPM_2.5polluted dayscomposition characteristicssource apportionment

作者	单位	E-mail
刘素	华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 102206 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012	liuncepu@163.com
马彤	中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012
杨艳	中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012
高健	中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012	gaojian@craes.org.cn
彭林	华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 102206	penglin6611@163.com
曹力媛	太原市环境监测中心站, 太原 030002
逄妮妮	北京化工大学化学工程学院, 北京 100029
张浩杰	山东大学环境研究院, 济南 250013

中文摘要 为研究太原市城区冬季PM_2.5污染特征及来源，于2017年1月对PM_2.5及其化学组分（水溶性离子、碳组分和微量元素）、气态污染物（SO₂、NO₂）进行在线观测，结合气象数据，分析了清洁天和污染天PM_2.5及其化学组分特征，并利用正定矩阵因子分析法（positive matrix factorization，PMF）对PM_2.5进行来源解析.结果表明，2017年1月太原市城区污染天PM_2.5质量浓度（239.92 μg·m^-3）为清洁天的5.70倍，污染天PM_2.5主要化学组分SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺、Cl^-、OC和EC分别为清洁天的7.04、5.76、6.51、5.62、4.06和4.70倍；污染天硫的氧化速率（SOR）和氮的氧化速率（NOR）分别为0.12和0.19，明显高于清洁天，说明污染天二次转化程度更高；PMF解析结果显示，污染天二次源（35.06%）、燃煤源（30.19%）和机动车源（24.25%）较清洁天分别增长18.03%、7.39%和2.10%，说明太原市城区污染天在管控机动车和燃煤等一次排放源的基础上，更应该注意对二次源前体物的控制. 英文摘要 To study the characteristics and sources of PM_2.5 pollution in Taiyuan urban area in winter, PM_2.5 and its chemical components (water-soluble ions, carbon components, and trace elements) and gaseous pollutants (SO₂, NO₂) were monitored by online instruments in January 2017. Combined with meteorological data, the characteristics of PM_2.5 and its chemical components were analyzed. Also, source apportionment of PM_2.5 was conducted by using positive matrix factorization (PMF). The results showed that the mean mass concentration of PM_2.5 on polluted days (239.92 μg·m^-3) was 5.70 times as much as that on clean days. The concentrations of the main chemical components of PM_2.5 on polluted days, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, Cl^-, OC, and EC, were 7.04, 5.76, 6.51, 5.62, 4.06, and 4.70 times their respective values on clean days. The sulfur oxidation ratios (SOR) and the nitrogen oxidation ratios (NOR) on polluted days were 0.12 and 0.19, respectively, which were higher than those in clean days, indicating that secondary transformation was more significant on polluted days. The results of the PMF source apportionment showed that the contributions of secondary sources (35.06%), coal combustion (30.19%), and vehicle emissions (24.25%) were higher on polluted days than on clean days, with increases of 18.03%, 7.39% and 2.10%, respectively. Thus, air pollution control strategies should pay more attention to controlling secondary source precursors on the basis of controlling the primary emission sources on polluted days.

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