中文关键词臭氧中国卫星观测地面观测时空分布变化趋势 英文关键词ozoneChinasatellite observationsurface observationspatial-temporal distributiontrend

作者	单位	E-mail
张倩倩	国家卫星气象中心, 北京 100081	zhangqq@cma.gov.cn
张兴赢	国家卫星气象中心, 北京 100081	zxy@cma.gov.cn

中文摘要 采用卫星和地面观测臭氧（O₃）浓度，分析2013年以来我国O₃的时空分布和年际变化特征.卫星观测对流层O₃总量和地面观测O₃浓度分布相互印证，我国高浓度O₃主要分布在东部人口密集、经济发达的区域，并且呈现夏季高、冬季低的季节分布趋势.4个重点关注城市（北京、上海、广州、成都）O₃日变化均呈现单峰分布，最高值在每日15：00~16：00.统计分析发现，4个城市除上海市之外，其他3个城市O₃浓度在周末和工作日没有显著差别，表明O₃的"周末效应"减弱.2013年4月~2018年6月，我国地面观测O₃浓度呈现明显上升趋势.2014~2017年，北京、上海和成都市近地面O₃浓度分别以2.36、3.3和3.6 μg·（m³·a）^-1的速度显著上升.4个城市2014~2017年O₃超标天数占比分别为17.2%（北京）、10.7%（上海）、8.8%（广州）和11.2%（成都），北京市O₃超标天数最多、超标期间O₃浓度最高，O₃污染最为严重. 英文摘要 Satellite and surface observed O₃ concentrations were applied to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution and trends of O₃ over China. The satellite and surface observations agree well, revealing that the highest concentrations of O₃ are distributed in East China, and with a seasonal pattern of high in summer and low in winter. Records of the diurnal variation of O₃ over the four cities of interest (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu) reveal that O₃ peaked at 15:00-16:00 each day. Statistical analysis indicates that there is no significant difference in O₃ concentration between weekends and weekdays for the cities of Beijing, Guangzhou, and Chengdu. Surface O₃ over China increased dramatically from April 2013 to June 2018. The increase of the surface O₃ concentration from 2014 to 2017 is significant for Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu, and the rates of increase were 2.36, 3.3, and 3.6 μg·(m³·a)^-1, respectively. Analysis based on the daily max 8 h rolling mean O₃ concentration reveals that the percentage of days with O₃ concentration exceeding the national standard (160 μg·m^-3) in 2014-2017 were 17.2% for Beijing, 10.7% for Shanghai, 8.8% for Guangzhou, and 11.2% for Chengdu. O₃ pollution is most severe in Beijing where the highest O₃ concentration occurs, along with the largest number of days with daily max 8 h rolling O₃ concentration exceeding 160 μg·m^-3.

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