中文摘要 土壤酶几乎参与所有的土壤生物化学过程，厘清土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质的关系能够揭示围垦后土壤质量变化状况，为土壤生态系统的科学调控提供理论依据.选择江苏中部如东不同围垦年限（7、32、40、63 a）的滩涂围垦区为研究对象，以未围垦光滩作为对照（0 a），利用经典统计学分析和冗余分析研究不同围垦年限土壤酶活性变化过程，及其与土壤理化性质之间的关系.经典统计学分析表明不同围垦年限间土壤酶活性具有显著性差异，淀粉酶、脱氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性随着围垦年限的增长呈现出先上升后下降的过程，而脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性则随着围垦年限的增长呈现出先上升-下降-再上升的过程.同时，不同围垦年限的表层土壤酶活性基本上高于深层.冗余分析表明5种理化性质在前两轴累积能够解释土壤酶活性的69.8%，pH、电导率、土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷与土壤酶活性呈极显著相关关系（P<0.01）.土壤理化性质对土壤酶活性影响重要性大小排序为全氮 > 有机碳 > pH > 全磷 > 电导率. 英文摘要 Land reclamation transforms a tidal flat from a marine ecosystem to terrestrial ecosystem, which significantly changes the soil ecosystem process, affecting the soil enzyme activities. Soil enzyme is involved in almost all soil biochemical processes. Clarifying the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities can reveal the changes of soil quality after reclamation and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific regulation of the soil ecosystem. In this study, a total of 72 soil samples were collected from a coastal reclamation area with different years of reclamation (0, 7, 32, 40, and 63 a) in Rudong County. The changes in soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities within different reclamation years were analyzed by classical statistical analysis, and the relationship between soil enzyme activities and physicochemical properties was analyzed using a redundancy analysis. The results showed that longterm land reclamation had significant effects on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. pH and electrical conductivity showed a decreasing trend after reclamation, while the content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus showed a trend of "rapidly accumulate-gradually consume-accumulate again" with increasing years of reclamation. Compared with the bare flat area (0 a), amylase, dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase activity initially increased and then decreased with increasing years of reclamation, while urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were characterized by an increase-decrease-increase trend. Meanwhile, the enzyme activities within different reclamation ages were basically higher in surface soil than deep layers. Redundancy analysis revealed that the soil physicochemical properties explained 69.8% of the variation in soil enzyme activities, and an obvious relationship existed between pH, electronic conductivity, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soil enzyme activities (P<0.01). The order of importance of soil physicochemical properties to soil enzyme activities was as follows:total nitrogen > soil organic carbon > pH > total phosphorus > electronic conductivity.
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