摘要:渭河干流及其秦岭北麓支流地处黄土高原与秦岭山麓交界的生态脆弱区，且浮游植物作为水生态系统中的初级生产者，在维持生态系统稳定方面发挥了至关重要的作用。研究于2017年秋季及2018年春季对渭河流域干流及秦岭北麓五条典型支流开展了系统的水环境及浮游植物研究。首先，对采集到的样品鉴定，利用功能群概念对渭河流域浮游植物进行划分，参考Padisák完善的40组浮游植物功能群划分方法，共划分出功能群25组，把每个样点的样本中相对生物量大于5%的种类规定为代表性功能群，得出主要代表性功能群15组，分别为A、C、D、N、N_A、MP、T_C、T_B、X3、X1、Y、F、J、L_O、W1。然后，利用Qr指数与Shannon-Wiener指数对研究区域进行水质评价，发现两种指数所反映的水质变化情况并不一致，通过对两种评价方法的对比分析得出，Qr指数更适合评价秦岭北麓典型支流水质，Shannon-Wiener指数更适合评价渭河干流水质，因此渭河秦岭北麓典型支流水质季节间无明显变化，渭河干流水质逐渐好转。并通过冗余分析明确影响2017年秋季及2018年春季浮游植物功能群特征的主要环境因子分别为水温、pH、亚硝酸盐氮和浊度、电导率与亚硝酸盐氮。本研究选取了渭河流域及秦岭山脉水系生境迥异的干支流为研究对象，深入探究了不同水质评价方法的适用情况，完善了将生物与水质联系起来的评价体系。最后，期望本研究成果能够为渭河流域的水生态管理和保护提供科学依据。



Abstract:The mainstem of Weihe River and its tributaries in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains are located in the ecologically fragile area at the junction of the Loess Plateau and the foothills of Qinling Mountains which are vital for maintaining ecosystem stability. As the primary producer in aquatic ecosystem, phytoplankton plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem stability. In this paper, systematic surveys on water environment and phytoplankton were carried out in the Weihe River mainstem and its five tributaries from the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in autumn 2017 and spring 2018. First of all, the collected samples were identified, and the concept of functional group was used to divide the phytoplankton in Weihe River Basin. Referring to the 40 groups of functional group division method perfected by Padisák, a total of 25 groups of functional groups were divided into functional groups. The species with relative biomass of more than 5% in each sample were specified as representative functional groups, and the main representative functional groups were 15 groups, namely, A, C, D, N, N_A, MP, T_C, T_B, X3, X1, Y, F, J, L_O, and W1. Then, the water quality of the research area was evaluated by Qr index and Shannon-Wiener index, and it was found that the changes of water quality reflected by the two indexes were not consistent. By comparison and analysis of the two methods, the Qr index is more suitable for evaluating the water quality of the typical tributaries in the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains. The Shannon-Wiener index is more suitable for evaluating the water quality of the Weihe River. The water quality of the typical tributaries in the northern foot of the Weihe River did not obviously change from autumn 2017 to spring 2018, and the water quality of the mainstem of the Weihe River was gradually improved. According to the results of Redundancy analysis (RDA), the main environmental factors affecting the characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups in autumn 2017 and spring 2018 were water temperature, pH, nitrite nitrogen and turbidity, electrical conductivity, and nitrate nitrogen. In this study, the main tributaries with different habitats in the Weihe River Basin were selected as the object, the application of different water quality evaluation methods was deeply explored, and the evaluation system linking biology and water quality was improved. Finally, the results of this study are useful for the ecological management and conservation of the mainstem and tributaries of the Weihe River Basin.





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