摘要:全球变化背景下，气候变化引起的降水异常变化对诸多生态过程和功能均有重要影响，但目前关于极端降水事件对土壤动物群落组成及多样性的影响研究非常有限。2018年7月24-25日，凉水国家自然保护区发生以大到暴雨为主的连续降雨，日降雨量达到50-100 mm，造成较严重的破坏，属于极端降水事件（短时暴雨）级别。在凉水国家级自然保护区阔叶红松林内，分别于暴雨发生前期（7月19日-24日）、暴雨结束初期（7月29日-8月3日）和后期（8月4日-8月14日），采用陷阱法捕获地表甲虫，阐明短时暴雨对地表甲虫群落组成及多样性的影响。结果表明：此次实验共捕获650只、35种，地表甲虫群落、步甲科和隐翅虫科的个体数量在暴雨发生前期、暴雨结束初期和后期并没有显著差异，说明短时暴雨对上述群落个体数量没有显著影响，而葬甲科的个体数量在暴雨结束初期显著少于暴雨发生前期和暴雨结束后期。因土壤动物群落不同类群生活习性不同，短时暴雨对地表甲虫群落不同类群与优势种的影响各不相同。例如：优势种Pterostichus maoershanensis、Pterostichus adstrictus和Aulonocarabus canaliculatus暴雨结束初期的个体数量均显著少于暴雨发生前期的个体数量，优势种P.maoershanensis暴雨结束后期的个体数量极显著少于暴雨结束初期和暴雨发生前期，优势种Nicrophorus tenuipes暴雨结束初期的个体数量极显著少于暴雨发生前期。地表甲虫群落和步甲科在暴雨发生前期、暴雨结束初期和后期的的多样性指数（H'）和优势度指数（D）呈逐渐减少的趋势，步甲科暴雨结束后期的多样性指数（H'）、优势度指数（D）和均匀度指数（J）均显著少于暴雨发生前期（P<0.05）。地表甲虫群落在暴雨结束初期和后期的beta多样性均显著高于暴雨发生前期，说明地表甲虫群落在暴雨结束初期和后期存在较高的群落物种替换，即暴雨导致地表甲虫群落较大的物种组成差异。本文表明，短时暴雨对小兴安岭凉水阔叶红松林的地表甲虫群落物种组成和多样性产生一定的影响，对群落不同类群及优势物种产生不同的影响，并导致地表甲虫群落在暴雨后较大的物种替换。



Abstract:Under the background of global change, the precipitation anomaly caused by climate change has an important impact on many ecological processes and functions. However, the current studies about the influence of extreme precipitation events on the composition and diversity of soil animal communities are extremely limited. From July 24 to 25, 2018, Liangshui National Nature Reserve experienced continuous rainfall characterized by heavy rain which was classified as extreme precipitation event (short-term rainstorm), with daily rainfall reaching 50-100 mm and causing relatively serious damage In this study, ground-dwelling beetles were captured by trap method in the prestorm (July 19-24), early stage (July 29-August 3) and late stage of the end of flooding (August 4-14) of Liangshui broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the study area. We aim to clarify the impact of short-term rainstorm on the composition and diversity of ground-dwelling beetle community. The results showed that 650 individuals belonging to 35 species of ground beetle community were captured inthe experiment. There was no significant difference in the number of individuals of ground-dwelling beetle community, carabidae and staphylinidae in the prestorm, early stage and late stage of the end of flooding. It indicated that short-term rainstorm had no significant effect on the number of individuals in the above communities, while the number of individuals of silphidae in the early stage of the end of flooding was significantly less than that in the prestorm and late stage of the end of flooding. Due to the different living habits of different groups of soil animal community, the effects of short rainstorm on different groups and dominant species of ground-dwelling beetle community are different. For example, the number of individuals of dominant species Pterostichus maoershanensis, Pterostichus adstrictus and Aulonocarabus canaliculatus in the early stage of the end of flooding was significantly less than that of individuals in the prestorm (P<0.05). The number of individuals of dominant species P.maoershanensis in the late stage of the end of flooding was significantly less than that in the early stage of the end of flooding and prestorm(P<0.01). The number of individuals of dominant species Nicrophorus tenuipes in the early stage of the end of flooding was significantly less than that in the prestorm(P<0.001). The diversity of species (H') and dominance index(D) of the ground-dwelling beetle community and Carabidae decreased gradually in the prestorm, early stage, and late stage of the end of flooding, and H', D and J in the late stage of the end of flooding were significantly less than those in the prestorm(P<0.05). The beta diversity of ground-dwelling beetle community in the early stage and late stage of the end of flooding was significantly higher than that in the prestorm, which presented that there was a high turnover or replacement of species in ground-dwelling beetles community in the early stage and late stage of the end of flooding, that is, the rainstorm caused a large difference in species composition of ground-dwelling beetle community. In conclusion, the short-term rainstorm had a certain effect on species composition and diversity of ground-dwelling beetle community in Liangshui broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Xiaoxing'an Mountains, and had different effects on different groups and dominant species of community, leading to larger species turnover of ground-dwelling beetle community after the rainstorm.





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