摘要:生态系统服务簇是多种生态系统服务的组合，能够表征生态系统服务间权衡与协同关系，可为制定有效的区域社会-生态系统管理方案提供科学依据。研究采用全局Moran's I指数、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法，系统阐明了东北地区6种生态系统服务的组成、权衡与协同、作用机制和区域差异。结果表明：（1）6种生态系统服务均表现出显著的正空间自相关（Moran's I>0），即各生态系统服务存在空间聚类分布，而非随机分布；（2）聚类分析将东北地区划分为南部经济-生态协调区、东北部森林生态平衡区、西部防风固沙区和中部粮食生产区四个生态功能区；（3）水源涵养、固碳和土壤保持服务之间具有极显著的协同关系（r=0.73，r=0.70，r=0.80），而防风固沙和土壤保持服务之间存在极显著的权衡关系（r=-0.22）；（4）东北部森林生态平衡区和南部经济-生态协调区的固碳能力显著高于西部防风固沙区和中部粮食生产区，中部粮食生产区的食物供给服务和生物多样性服务则较高。开展基于服务簇的生态系统服务权衡与协同的研究，有助于针对每种生态功能服务簇制定相应的管理方案，促进各个生态功能区经济、社会、资源与生态环境的全面协调可持续发展。



Abstract:Ecosystem service bundle is a combination of multiple ecosystem services. It characterizes the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services, and provides strong scientific evidence to make effective plans for regional socio-ecosystem management. In this study, the composition, trade-off and synergies, mechanisms, and regional differences of six ecosystem services are systematically clarified in Northeastern China using global Moran's I index, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results show that: (1) six ecosystem services present significantly positive spatial autocorrelations (Moran's I>0), i.e., each ecosystem service shows a spatial clustering distribution rather than a random one. (2) Northeastern China was divided into four eco-function zones, which are economic-ecological coordination zone in the south, ecological balance zone in the northeast forest land, sand storm preventing zone in the west, and food production zone in the middle. (3) There is a significant synergic relationship between water retention, carbon sequestration, and soil retention (r=0.73, r=0.70, r=0.80); whereas a significant trade-off relationship was observed between sand storm prevention and soil retention (r=-0.22). (4) The carbon sequestration capacity of the ecological balance zone in the northeast and the economic-ecological coordination zone in the south is considerably higher than that of the sand storm preventing zone in the west and the food production zone in the middle. However, the food production and biodiversity services of the food production zone in the middle are better than in other regions. The investigations of the ecosystem service bundle trade-offs and synergies will greatly help to formulate management plans corresponding to each ecosystem service bundle, as well as promote comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable developments on the socio-economic fields, natural resources, and ecological environment for each eco-function zone.





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