摘要:草原生态补偿是我国建设生态文明的必由之路之一。牧民对草原生态补助奖励政策的满意度，一定程度上反映了补奖政策实施的绩效。甘肃省针对不同牧区特点，实施了差别化的补奖标准。选取甘肃青藏高原区和西部荒漠区两个不同草原牧区类型351户牧民为调研对象，结合入户深度访谈和调查问卷，构建满意度评价指标体系，测定了不同牧区牧民对草原生态补奖政策的满意度，借助Logistic模型分析不同牧区牧民政策满意度与影响因素。结果表明：（1）牧民对草原生态补奖政策总体满意度偏低，满意度综合指数为67.24%。（2）牧民生计多样化对政策评价具有重要影响。西部荒漠区牧民收入来源较青藏高原区多样化，畜牧业所占比重低于青藏高原区，政策实施对牧民收入影响较小，青藏高原区牧民满意度为62.43%，低于西部荒漠区的72.35%。（3）牧民对政策作用的认知、家庭规模以及对政策的了解，是影响两个区域牧民对政策满意度的共同因素，但两个区域呈现出较大差异性。因此，在后续政策实施中，实施"精准补偿"措施，多样化补偿标准和补偿方式，加强政策宣传和引导，示范引领安置牧民，延长畜牧业产业链，实现畜牧产业"三产"融合，逐步实现草原生态保护、牧业转型发展和牧民增收三方共赢。



Abstract:Grassland ecological compensation is one of the inevitable course to build ecological civilization in China. To some extent herders' satisfaction with grassland ecological compensation and reward policies reflects the implementation performance of compensation. In view of the characteristics of different pastoral areas, Gansu province implemented the differentiated compensation and reward standards. In this study, 351 herdsmen were selected from two different grassland pastoral areas in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and western desert area of Gansu Province. Using a combination of in-depth interviews and questionnaires, we constructed a satisfaction evaluation index system. The herdsmen's satisfaction towards grassland eco-compensation and reward policy and its influencing factors in different regions were evaluated through the Logistic model. The results show as following:(1) the herdsmen's satisfaction with the policy is low with the overall satisfaction index 67.24%. (2) Diversification of herdsmen's livelihood has an important impact on policy evaluation results. The income sources of herdsmen in western desert area are more diversified than those in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The income proportion of animal husbandry in western desert area is lower than that of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The policy implementation has less impacts on herdsmen's income. The satisfaction of herdsmen in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was 62.43%,which was lower than that in the western desert area with 72.35%. The herdsmen's perception of the policy effect, family size, and understanding of policy are the common factors for both pastoral areas. However, there are some differences in the two areas. In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the factors affecting the satisfaction of herdsmen on policy are family size, cognition of policy role, the behavioral response to policy, level of education, and understanding of policy, while in western desert area, the influencing factors are family income, cognition of policy role, understanding of policy, health, and family size. Therefore, it is necessary to implement precise compensation to diversify compensation standards and methods, strengthen policy advocacy and guidance to lead the resettlement of herdsmen, animal husbandry industry transformation and increase of herdsmen income.





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