摘要:我国西南岩溶地区石漠化是人地矛盾作用下生态系统退化的过程或结果，石漠化不仅带来水土流失加剧、旱涝灾害频发、生物多样性降低等生态问题，还会带来贫困落后等一系列社会问题。20世纪80年代开始进行的石漠化治理工作已经成为我国西南岩溶地区生态文明建设的重要举措与必由之路，通过近40年来的石漠化治理使得我国西南岩溶地区石漠化问题恶化的趋势开始得到扭转。面向生态文明新时期的建设目标，石漠化脆弱区仍存在人地矛盾难以全面消除、治理成果可持续性亟待提升等问题，石漠化防治需要从多年来石漠化治理研究与实践探索积累中汲取有益于促进人地和谐、提升生态系统可持续性的治理经验与做法。因此，本文以石漠化治理典型区域调研资料与文献资料为数据基础，从石漠化治理目标、技术、措施和模式四个层面梳理石漠化治理经验与做法，归纳总结出石漠化综合治理四点配置原则：（1）以治理目标与预期周期为导向，确立石漠化治理采取的措施；（2）针对解决的关键生态退化问题，结合区域特征遴选石漠化治理技术；（3）针对石漠化退化阶段的差异，确定石漠化治理途径措施；（4）结合石漠化综合治理模式的共性特征，以小流域为基本单元，因地制宜的选择与构建石漠化综合治理模式。以期通过对实践经验的总结为石漠化治理过程中选择具备区位适宜性和机理明晰性的生态技术提供参考。



Abstract:Rocky desertification has resulted from ecosystem degradation caused by the negative impacts of human land use in the karst areas of Southwest China. Rocky desertification not only brings about ecological problems such as intensified soil erosion, frequent drought and flood disasters, and reduced biodiversity, but also leads to social problems such as poverty. Efforts to control rocky desertification started in the 1980s and have become an important measure and the only way to construct an ecological civilization in the karst areas of Southwest China. The worsening trend of rocky desertification in this region has been reversed through such control measures in the past 40 years. However, there are still some problems in these fragile rocky desertification areas facing the goal of constructing a new ecological civilization, such as the difficulty in eliminating contradiction between man and land, and the sustainability of the management results needs to be improved urgently. Efforts for the prevention of rocky desertification need to incorporate ideas from many years of research on and practice of managing rocky desertification, which would be beneficial in promoting the harmony between man and nature, and improving ecosystem sustainability. Therefore, based on investigative and literature data on typical areas where rocky desertification control is in place, in this study, we combined the experiences and practices of rocky desertification control from four aspects:objectives, technologies, measures, and modes of rocky desertification control. We also summarized four allocation principles of comprehensive rocky desertification control to establish control measures for rocky desertification, guided by governance objectives and expected cycles. To solve the key ecological degradation problems, we should select the control strategies according to regional characteristics, differences in the stages of rocky desertification, take small watersheds as the basic unit, combine the common characteristics of comprehensive control models, and select and construct a comprehensive control model according to local conditions. This would provide reference for the selection of eco-technology with regional suitability and mechanism clarity for the control of rocky desertification.





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