摘要:土壤真菌和细菌作为地下生态系统的重要组成部分，其群落的恢复状况是评价农田退耕还林生态效益的重要指标。以云南省维西县典型退耕还林农田为对象，利用高通量测序等方法比较了不同退耕年限的农田土壤中真菌和细菌群落随植被演替的变化特征。结果发现，农田撂荒后土壤细菌多样性先显著降低后缓慢上升，真菌多样性变化不明显；地上部植被由草本经灌丛再向林地演替的过程中，土壤真菌的群落组成随植被变化呈现明显的改变，主要体现在粪壳菌纲（Sordariomycetes）所占比例的减少（由30%减至10%左右）和伞菌纲（Agaricomycetes）所占比例的增加（由5%以下增至20%以上）；而细菌的群落组成无明显变化。聚类分析的结果显示，真菌的群落组成变化与植物群落的演替规律更为同步。不同演替阶段的退耕农田土壤真菌和细菌群落均明显区别于未经扰动的天然林，表明人为扰动对土壤微生物群落的影响可能在较长时间内持续存在。研究揭示了云南典型农田退耕后地下土壤真菌和细菌群落随植被演替的变化特征，为全面评价该地区退耕还林的生态效益提供了数据支撑。



Abstract:As pivotal components of belowground communities, soil fungi and bacteria are important indices for evaluating the ecological benefits of the Grain for Green program in China. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach to compare the succession of soil fungal and bacterial communities in a typical chronosequence of abandoned agricultural lands in Yunnan Province, southwest China. The results showed that bacterial diversity decreased significantly and then increased gradually after the soil was abandoned, while fungal diversity showed no significant change. However, when plant communities changed from herb to woodland via the shrub stage during reforestation, the proportion of Sordariomycetes decreased significantly from 30% to approximately 10% and the proportion of Agaricomycetes increased from 5% to more than 20%; there was no obvious change in the bacterial community composition along the chronosequence. Clustering analysis showed that the successional pattern of the fungi community was more consistent with plant communities than bacterial along successional stages. Both fungi and bacteria communities in undisturbed natural forest soil differed significantly from those in other stages, indicating that anthropogenic disturbance of soil microbial communities has long-term effects. These results revealed the succession characteristics of soil fungal and bacterial communities during reforestation in typical abandoned soil in Yunnan Province and provide essential data support for the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological benefits of the Grain for Green project in Southwest China.





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